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Anatomy > LECTURE 2: SHOULDER, BONES, AXILLA, AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS: > Flashcards

LECTURE 2: SHOULDER, BONES, AXILLA, AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS: Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clavicle

A

only bone connecting axial and appendicular skeleton; When broken, there is a dropping of the upper body

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2
Q

What are the parts of the scapula?

A
  • Glenoid cavity
  • Infraspinous, supraspinous, and subscapular fossae
  • Scapular spine
  • Acromion process
  • Coracoid process
  • Suprascapular notch
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3
Q

What closes off the suprascapular notch?

A

closes off by suprascapular ligament, making notch into suprascapular foramen for suprascapular nerve goes through it and artery to go above it

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4
Q

What is the importance of the Coracoid process?

A

where pec minor attaches

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5
Q

What is the importance of the intertubercular groove?

A

where biceps tendon passes

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6
Q

What is the importance of the deltoid tuberosity?

A

deltoid attaches and pulls on humerus

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7
Q

What is the importance of the surgical neck?

A

where humerus can fracture most because its much thinner

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8
Q

What are the condyles?

A
  • Capitulum (lateral) – radius (same side of thumb)
  • Trochlea (medial) –ulna (bowtie shape)
  • Epicondyles (lateral and medial)
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9
Q

What is the importance of the coronoid fossa?

A

for coronoid process of the ulna to not over flex your elbow

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10
Q

What is the importance of the oleranon fossa?

A

sharp part you feel in your elbow that attached to olecranon process

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11
Q

What is the only attachment of the UE and the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular

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12
Q

What holds the ulnar and radius together?

A

fibrous sheet of Interosseous membrane

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13
Q

What is the pivot point of the radius?

A

Head – capitulum

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14
Q

What is the site of bicep muscle attachment?

A

Radial tuberosity

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15
Q

What is the styloid process of the ulnar?

A

where wrist joints forms between carpels and distal radius

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16
Q

What are the 3 joints of the elbow enclosed by the synovial cavity?

A
  1. Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
  2. Head of radius and capitulum of humerus
  3. Head of radius and radial notch of the ulna
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17
Q

What is the action of the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

allows for supination/pronation – pivot

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18
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

wraps around the radial head and keeps it in place to not move around socket

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19
Q

What are the bones of the hand?

A
  • Carpals: bone on wrist – 8 total
  • Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (sesamoid bone – bone that sits within a tendon)
  • Trapezium (for carpel-metacarpal saddle joint of the thumb), trapezoid, capitate (has a hook), hamate
  • Metacarpals (5 on each hand)
  • Phalanges: proximal, middle, distal
  • Except thumb– proximal and distal only
  • Carpals form an arch, carpal arch (facing anteriorly) which is covered by the flexor retinaculum tissue that will form the carpal tunnel from the arch
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20
Q

What are the joints of the wrist?

A 
Carpometacarpal joints - The saddle joint between the first metacarpal and the trapezium allows for special movement of the thumb
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)
Interphalangeal joints - Proximal (PIP- between proximal and middle) and distal (DIP- between middle and distal)
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21
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

originates on spine and inserts on front of humerus to adduct, extend and medially rotate

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22
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

originates from back of neck and inserts on shoulder to retract shoulders

23
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

elevated scapular

24
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

retract scapular

25
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major and minor?

A

originates from sternum and inserts on front of humerus to retract and medial rotate shoulder

26
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

protraction

27
Q

What is the action of the deltoid?

A

arm abduction (beyond supraspinatus motion from first 15 degrees) of scapula

28
Q

What is the innervation of the infra and supraspinatus?

A
  • Both muscles are Innervated by the suprascapular nerve (runs in suprascapular foramen)
29
Q

What is the insertion of infra and supraspinatus muscles?

30
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

arm lateral rotation

31
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

initiation of arm abduction – first 15 degrees

32
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

Medial rotation, extension, adduction

33
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

34
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

lateral rotation of the arm, right next to infraspinatus

35
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (same as deltoid)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

37
Q

What is the action and innervation of the subscapularis?

A
  • Medial rotation of the arm when It shortens

* Innervated by subscapular nerves

38
Q

What muscles lies between the teres and pec majors?

A

latissimus dorsi

39
Q

What structures pass via the armpit?

A
  • Subclavian artery, axillary artery, Subclavian vein, axillary vein
  • Brachial plexus – nerve supply from the cervical spinal cord and goes into opening of axillar and innervate all the muscles in the upper limb
  • Lymphatics and lymph nodes
  • Axillary tail of breast
  • Upper portions of some arm muscles: biceps and coracobrachialis
40
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

A
  • Clavipectoral fascia (subclavius and pectoralis minor)

* Pectoralis major

41
Q

What is the path of the brachial artery?

A
  • As the axillary artery passes the border of teres major, it becomes the brachial artery
  • Travels in the anterior compartment
  • Near the elbow it divides into the radial (lateral) and ulnar arteries (medial side)
  • Brachial artery also gives a major branch, profundal brachii which supplies the posterior arm (runs with radial nerve which supplies muscles of the back of the arm)
42
Q

What is the artery used for bp?

43
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Roots – anterior rami; Roots: C5-T1
  • Trunks  superior, middle, inferior
  • Pass from neck to axilla
  • Divisions  anterior and posterior
  • Posterior division and cord generally supply the posterior compartments
  • Anterior divisions and hence, medial and lateral cords are associated with anterior compartments
44
Q

What artery travels between the posterior and anterior brachial plexus?

45
Q

What does the lateral cord innervate?

A

pectorals major

46
Q

What does the medial cord innervate?

A

pec major and minor

47
Q

What does the posterior cord innervate?

A
  • Thoracodorsal innervates latissimus dorsi
  • Superior and inferior subscapular
  • Axillary
  • Radial
48
Q

What are the parts of the lateral cord?

A
  • Lateral pectoral
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Median
49
Q

What are the parts of the medial cord?

A
  • Median
  • Medial pectoral
  • Medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm
  • Ulnar
50
Q

What are the nerves of the roots and what do they innervate?

A
  • Dorsal Scapular innervates rhomboids

* Long Thoracic innervates serratus anterior

51
Q

What are the nerves of the trunk and what do they innervate?

A

innervated supra and infraspinatus muscles (lateral)

52
Q

what is the axillary vein?

A

accompanies the axillary artery and becomes subclavian vein after passing rib 1

53
Q

what is the cephalic vein?

A

drains posterior lateral side of UE and passes in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscle before it enters the axillary vein

54
Q

what is the small brachial vein?

A

accompany brachial artery, but superficial structures are drained by cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins

Anatomy (9 decks)

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