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Anatomy > LECTURE 4: Neck > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What organs make up the neck?

A

bones, larynx, pharynx, muscles, thyroid and parathyroid

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2
Q

What bones make up the neck?

A

temporal bone (mastoid and styloid process), mandible, hyoid, clavicle, sternum, and cervical vertebrae

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3
Q

What is special about the Hyoid bone?

A

Only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone

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4
Q

What is the role of the Hyoid bone?

A

Serves as an anchor for muscles in the neck

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5
Q

What are the different parts of pharynx

A

a nasal pharynx, laryngeal pharynx, and oral pharynx because it connects all these structures ultimately leading down to the esophagus

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6
Q

What bones are the larynx connected to?

A

Suspended from hyoid bone above, continuous with trachea below

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7
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid (Laryngeal prominence), Cricoid, and Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is the difference in the laryngeal prominence among sexes?

A

more prominent in men because men have a surge of testosterone making their voice deeper at puberty

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9
Q

What is the role of the epiglottis?

A

blocks the larynx while you’re eating so the food doesn’t get into your throat

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10
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the epiglottis?

A

elastic

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11
Q

What does the thyrohyoid connect?

A

connects thyroid cartilage to thyroid bone

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12
Q

What does the Cricothyroid connect?

A

connects cricoid to the thyroid cartilage above it

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13
Q

What is the role of the small paired cartilage muscles associated with the larynx?

A

They control the vocal cords to help us produce sound/pitch

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14
Q

What are the small paired cartilage muscles associated with the larynx?

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal artery

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16
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal artery arise from?

A

external carotid

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17
Q

What does the superior laryngeal artery supply?

A

supplies face and neck

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18
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal artery arise from?

A

From thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

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19
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

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20
Q

What structures does the nasophraynx connect?

A

posterior to nasal cavity and contains connection to the inner/middle ear

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21
Q

What muscles form the wall of the pharynx?

A

constrictor and longitudinal muscles

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22
Q

What is the origin of the constrictor muscles?

A

midline raffi

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23
Q

What is the role of the constrictor and longitudinal muscles?

A

allow for up and down movement of hyoid bone and rhythmic movement for swallowing

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24
Q

What is the blood supply of the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, and Branches of facial, lingual and maxillary artery from the external carotid

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25
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A

Plexus drains into internal jugular v.

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26
Q

What are the lympathics of the pharynx?

A

Retropharyngeal, Paratracheal and Infrahyoid nodes (underneath hyoid and neck)

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27
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

superior aspect of pharynx

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28
Q

What is the nerve innervation to the pharynx?

A

Cranial nerves (Vagus, Glossopharyngeal)

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29
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the larynx?

A

deep cervical nodes

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the larynx?

A

cranial nerve (vagus)

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31
Q

What is the platysma?

A

Thin sheet of muscle that hangs over fascia of neck like an apron, and Attaches on the mandible

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32
Q

What is the role of the platysma?

A

Tenses up your neck

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33
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A

cranial facial nerve

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34
Q

What is the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Mastoid process (behind ear) –> sternum and clavicle

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35
Q

What is the unilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side

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36
Q

What is the bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

cervical flexion

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37
Q

What other roles does the sternocleidomastoid muscle serve?

A

Helps in forced inspiration

38
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Cranial nerve (Accessory)

39
Q

What are the attachments of the scalenes?

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and run down to attach to the First two ribs

40
Q

What is the bilateral action of the scalenes?

A

Assist in neck flexion, raise first 2 ribs

41
Q

What other role does the scalene play?

A

Helps in forced inspiration

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the scalenes?

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves

43
Q

What sits on top of the scalene muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the clavicular head?

A

Medial 1/3 of clavicle

45
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the sternal head?

A

Manubrium of sternum

46
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Mastoid process

47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the scalene muscles?

A

posteror, interior and middle

48
Q

What is the origin of the scalene muscles?

A

Transverse processes C3- C7

49
Q

What is the insertion of the middle and anterior scalene muscles?

A

Upper surface of rib 1

50
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene muscles?

A

Upper surface of rib 2

51
Q

What is the action of the scalene muscles?

A

elevation of rib 1 (and 2 for posterior)

52
Q

What are the various parts of the suprahyoid bone of the neck?

A

Stylohyoid –> styloid process and hyoid bone
Digastric –> 2 bellies (anterior and posterior)
Mylohyoid –> inferior mouth (chin)
Geniohyoid –> mouth

53
Q

What are the various parts of the infrahyoid bone of the neck?

A

Sternohyoid –> sternum and hyoid
Omohyoid –> scapula
Thyrohyoid –> thyroid cartilage
Sternothyroid –> sternum and thyroid cartilage

54
Q

What is the role of the stylohoid muscle?

A

pulls hyoid up during swallowing

55
Q

What are the 2 components of the digastric muscle?

A

anterior and posterior belly

56
Q

What is the role of the digastric muscle?

A

Raises hyoid or lowers mandible for swallowing; depends on which side is fixed

57
Q

What is the role of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Forms the entire floor of the mouth; elevates hyoid

58
Q

what is the role of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

Elevates hyoid; pulls mandible down

59
Q

What is is the anterior body wall supply of the root of the neck?

A

Internal thoracic artery

60
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

Supplies brain via circle of Willis

61
Q

What are theblood supplies to the root of the neck?

A

vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, Thyrocervical and Costocervical

62
Q

What is the blood supply to the head?

A

right and left common carotid artery, external and internal carotid artery

63
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

Supplies the neck and face

64
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Supplies brain (via circle of Willis)

65
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Supplies tongue, tonsils, floor of mouth

66
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A

Major supply to the face

67
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply?

A

Nasal cavity, roof of the oral cavity, upper teeth, sinuses, oropharynx and floor of the orbit

68
Q

What does the superfical temporal artery supply?

A

supplies Skin around temporal bone

69
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

supplies Thyroid gland

70
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

travels with the internal carotid artery and vagus nerve, and drains from the sinuses
o Drains superficial head and neck

71
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

more lateral and drains head and neck

72
Q

What does the anterior jugular vein drain?

A

gets superficial head and neck structures

73
Q

What veins drain into the subclavian?

A

all the jugular veins

74
Q

What does the superficial cervical nodes innervate?

A

Drain face and scalp; travels Along external jugular vein on surface of SCM

75
Q

What does the deep cervical nodes innervate?

A

Drain tonsillar region and tongue

76
Q

What separates the supper and lower deep cervical nodes?

A

tendon of omohyoid

77
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous innervations of the neck?

A

 Transverse Cervical nerve
 Great Auricular nerve
 Lesser Occipital nerve
 Supraclavicular nerve.

78
Q

What is the motor innervation of the infrahyoid muscle?

A

Ansa cervicalis

79
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

80
Q

What innervated the tongue?

A

cranial nerve 12

81
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid?

A

superior and inferior thyroid artery

82
Q

Where is the superior thyroid artery from?

A

external carotid artery

83
Q

Where is the inferior thyroid artery from?

A

subclavian artery

84
Q

What are the venous drainage of the thyroid?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

85
Q

What is the lymphatics of thyroid gland?

A

Pretracheal and deep cervical nodes

86
Q

What is nodes innervate the thyroid gland?

A

Cranial nerve (Vagus) and Sympathetic trunk

87
Q

What is the role of the parathyroid gland?

A

Serves to regulate calcium in our blood

88
Q

What is the blood supply to the parathyroid gland?

A

Superior and Inferior thyroid arteries

89
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

90
Q

What is the lymphatics of the parathyroid gland?

A

Cranial nerve (Vagus) and Sympathetic trunk

Anatomy (9 decks)

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