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Anatomy > LECTURE 4: Neck > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: Neck Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What organs make up the neck?

A

bones, larynx, pharynx, muscles, thyroid and parathyroid

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2
Q

What bones make up the neck?

A

temporal bone (mastoid and styloid process), mandible, hyoid, clavicle, sternum, and cervical vertebrae

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3
Q

What is special about the Hyoid bone?

A

Only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone

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4
Q

What is the role of the Hyoid bone?

A

Serves as an anchor for muscles in the neck

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5
Q

What are the different parts of pharynx

A

a nasal pharynx, laryngeal pharynx, and oral pharynx because it connects all these structures ultimately leading down to the esophagus

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6
Q

What bones are the larynx connected to?

A

Suspended from hyoid bone above, continuous with trachea below

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7
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid (Laryngeal prominence), Cricoid, and Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is the difference in the laryngeal prominence among sexes?

A

more prominent in men because men have a surge of testosterone making their voice deeper at puberty

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9
Q

What is the role of the epiglottis?

A

blocks the larynx while you’re eating so the food doesn’t get into your throat

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10
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the epiglottis?

A

elastic

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11
Q

What does the thyrohyoid connect?

A

connects thyroid cartilage to thyroid bone

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12
Q

What does the Cricothyroid connect?

A

connects cricoid to the thyroid cartilage above it

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13
Q

What is the role of the small paired cartilage muscles associated with the larynx?

A

They control the vocal cords to help us produce sound/pitch

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14
Q

What are the small paired cartilage muscles associated with the larynx?

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal artery

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16
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal artery arise from?

A

external carotid

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17
Q

What does the superior laryngeal artery supply?

A

supplies face and neck

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18
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal artery arise from?

A

From thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

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19
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

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20
Q

What structures does the nasophraynx connect?

A

posterior to nasal cavity and contains connection to the inner/middle ear

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21
Q

What muscles form the wall of the pharynx?

A

constrictor and longitudinal muscles

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22
Q

What is the origin of the constrictor muscles?

A

midline raffi

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23
Q

What is the role of the constrictor and longitudinal muscles?

A

allow for up and down movement of hyoid bone and rhythmic movement for swallowing

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24
Q

What is the blood supply of the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, and Branches of facial, lingual and maxillary artery from the external carotid

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25
What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?
Plexus drains into internal jugular v.
26
What are the lympathics of the pharynx?
Retropharyngeal, Paratracheal and Infrahyoid nodes (underneath hyoid and neck)
27
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
superior aspect of pharynx
28
What is the nerve innervation to the pharynx?
Cranial nerves (Vagus, Glossopharyngeal)
29
What is the lymphatic drainage of the larynx?
deep cervical nodes
30
What is the innervation of the larynx?
cranial nerve (vagus)
31
What is the platysma?
Thin sheet of muscle that hangs over fascia of neck like an apron, and Attaches on the mandible
32
What is the role of the platysma?
Tenses up your neck
33
What is the innervation of the platysma?
cranial facial nerve
34
What is the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Mastoid process (behind ear) --> sternum and clavicle
35
What is the unilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side
36
What is the bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
cervical flexion
37
What other roles does the sternocleidomastoid muscle serve?
Helps in forced inspiration
38
What is the nerve innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Cranial nerve (Accessory)
39
What are the attachments of the scalenes?
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and run down to attach to the First two ribs
40
What is the bilateral action of the scalenes?
Assist in neck flexion, raise first 2 ribs
41
What other role does the scalene play?
Helps in forced inspiration
42
What is the nerve supply to the scalenes?
Ventral rami of cervical nerves
43
What sits on top of the scalene muscles?
Sternocleidomastoid
44
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the clavicular head?
Medial 1/3 of clavicle
45
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the sternal head?
Manubrium of sternum
46
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Mastoid process
47
What are the 3 parts of the scalene muscles?
posteror, interior and middle
48
What is the origin of the scalene muscles?
Transverse processes C3- C7
49
What is the insertion of the middle and anterior scalene muscles?
Upper surface of rib 1
50
What is the insertion of the posterior scalene muscles?
Upper surface of rib 2
51
What is the action of the scalene muscles?
elevation of rib 1 (and 2 for posterior)
52
What are the various parts of the suprahyoid bone of the neck?
Stylohyoid --> styloid process and hyoid bone Digastric –> 2 bellies (anterior and posterior) Mylohyoid --> inferior mouth (chin) Geniohyoid –> mouth
53
What are the various parts of the infrahyoid bone of the neck?
Sternohyoid --> sternum and hyoid Omohyoid --> scapula Thyrohyoid --> thyroid cartilage Sternothyroid --> sternum and thyroid cartilage
54
What is the role of the stylohoid muscle?
pulls hyoid up during swallowing
55
What are the 2 components of the digastric muscle?
anterior and posterior belly
56
What is the role of the digastric muscle?
Raises hyoid or lowers mandible for swallowing; depends on which side is fixed
57
What is the role of the mylohyoid muscle?
Forms the entire floor of the mouth; elevates hyoid
58
what is the role of the geniohyoid muscle?
Elevates hyoid; pulls mandible down
59
What is is the anterior body wall supply of the root of the neck?
Internal thoracic artery
60
What does the vertebral artery supply?
Supplies brain via circle of Willis
61
What are theblood supplies to the root of the neck?
vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, Thyrocervical and Costocervical
62
What is the blood supply to the head?
right and left common carotid artery, external and internal carotid artery
63
What does the external carotid artery supply?
Supplies the neck and face
64
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
Supplies brain (via circle of Willis)
65
What does the lingual artery supply?
Supplies tongue, tonsils, floor of mouth
66
What does the facial artery supply?
Major supply to the face
67
What does the maxillary artery supply?
Nasal cavity, roof of the oral cavity, upper teeth, sinuses, oropharynx and floor of the orbit
68
What does the superfical temporal artery supply?
supplies Skin around temporal bone
69
What does the superior thyroid artery supply?
supplies Thyroid gland
70
What does the internal jugular vein drain?
travels with the internal carotid artery and vagus nerve, and drains from the sinuses o Drains superficial head and neck
71
What does the external jugular vein drain?
more lateral and drains head and neck
72
What does the anterior jugular vein drain?
gets superficial head and neck structures
73
What veins drain into the subclavian?
all the jugular veins
74
What does the superficial cervical nodes innervate?
Drain face and scalp; travels Along external jugular vein on surface of SCM
75
What does the deep cervical nodes innervate?
Drain tonsillar region and tongue
76
What separates the supper and lower deep cervical nodes?
tendon of omohyoid
77
What are the 4 cutaneous innervations of the neck?
 Transverse Cervical nerve  Great Auricular nerve  Lesser Occipital nerve  Supraclavicular nerve.
78
What is the motor innervation of the infrahyoid muscle?
Ansa cervicalis
79
What innervates the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
80
What innervated the tongue?
cranial nerve 12
81
What is the blood supply to the thyroid?
superior and inferior thyroid artery
82
Where is the superior thyroid artery from?
external carotid artery
83
Where is the inferior thyroid artery from?
subclavian artery
84
What are the venous drainage of the thyroid?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
85
What is the lymphatics of thyroid gland?
Pretracheal and deep cervical nodes
86
What is nodes innervate the thyroid gland?
Cranial nerve (Vagus) and Sympathetic trunk
87
What is the role of the parathyroid gland?
Serves to regulate calcium in our blood
88
What is the blood supply to the parathyroid gland?
Superior and Inferior thyroid arteries
89
What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
90
What is the lymphatics of the parathyroid gland?
Cranial nerve (Vagus) and Sympathetic trunk

Anatomy (9 decks)

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