lecture 5 - gluconeogenesis & response to trauma Flashcards
Which organs are capable of undergoing gluconeogenesis?
Liver (mainly), kidneys
What are the 3 key precursors for gluconeogenesis?
- Lactate from muscle glycolysis/anaerobic metabolism
- glycerol from TAG lipolysis in adipose
- alanine from muscle proteins
Why does insulin resistance cause increased gluconeogenesis?
The effects of insulin are unopposed, so glucagon dependent processes such as gluconeogenesis are upregulated
Why does alcoholism impair gluconeogenesis?
Alcohol metabolism consumes significant amounts of NAD, which is also needed to process lactate into pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. Thus, alcoholics may have low pyruvate and develop hypoglycaemia.
What hormones drive the metabolic response to trauma?
Adrenaline, glucagon, cortisol, cytokines
What are the 3 key phases of the metabolic response to injury?
Shock phase, catabolic phase, anabolic phase
What are the features of the catobolic phase following trauma?
Increased metabolic rate, weight loss, muscle wasting
Why is there increased metabolic requirements following trauma?
Energy is required for tissue repair and the immune response - a catabolic state allows stored fuels to be utilised
