Lecture 5 - Free Metabolites, Glycolysis, and Storage Forms Flashcards
what is glycolysis
the front part of respiration that is used to burn hexose sugars and gain energy
the is the TCA cycles used for
used to generate intermediates, which reduces power and acetylCoA
what does the Calvin-Benson cycle fix
it fixes CO2 to 3-C organic acids, which can be converted to hexose
what do organisms use free metabolites for
energy, pathway intermediates, building themselves, storage, transport
how are free metabolites catagorized
into pools depending on their role and molecular makeup
why are metabolites converted to structure
more steps in synthesis
more steps for catabolizing back to free metabolites
what are small building blocks, sugars, and glucose an example of
free metabolites
why are metabolic intermediates important
they allow flexibility in function
what is an example of a metabolic intermediate
the hexose pool
what are some examples of free metabolites that are easily extracted
sugars, pyruvate, N bases, organic acids
amino acids, fatty acids
examples of polymers in organelles or tissues
starch grains, cellulose, pectin, sucrose in stems, lignin, DNA/RNA, protein bodies, oil bodies, storage proteins
how does glycolysis work
takes a hexose (6C sugar), activates it, super activates it, then split it and super activate the 3C. It then removes energy using phosphate bonds and ends with pyruvate
pentose phosphate pathway
a major pathway used in plants to interchange glucose or fructose (6C sugars), to a 5C sugar
what are the 2 fates of pyruvate in glycolysis
Aerobic - stops at pyruvate, which goes to other reactions
Anaerobic - pyruvate is converted to lactate and ethanol
how does glucose get to pyruvate in glycolysis
- glucose (6C sugar) is activated with 1 then 2 phosphate bonds which changes it to a different hexose
- the sugar activated hexose is split into 2 3C. The first 3C is super activated with another phosphate bond
- phosphate groups are released for ATP
- then we get pyruvate
how does glucose get to pyruvate in glycolysis without the pentose phosphate pathway (doesn’t need oxygen)
glucose (6C) is activated with phosphate bonds
bis-forms have 2 phosphate bonds
fructose is split into 2 3C
the 3Cs have phosphate bonds
first 3C has additional P added, which is then released for ATP
end is pyruvate
what happens if pyruvate encounters aerobic conditions
glycolysis ends at pyruvate
what happens if pyruvate encounters anaerobic conditions
it goes further and turns into lactate or ethanol
what is the purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway
- it is another way to use glucose
- used for photosynthesis
- oxidative version make NADPH and supplies pentose intermediates for nucleotides, nucleic acids, cell wall polymers
amyloplast
storage and breakdown of starch
cytosol
super flexible
chloroplast
fixes C in photosynthesis and is the temporary storage and breakdown of starch everyday
what plants use sucrose for storage and store it in cell vacuoles
Sugar cane and sugar beet
plants _____ use intermediate metabolites as their permanent storage forms
do not
