Lecture 13 Lipids Flashcards
Lipid
an apolar organic molecule that is soluble in chloroform
t/f: lipids are always soluble in water
f, they are hardy soluble
what does a typical regular lipid consist of
a typical lipid
glycerol backbone
ester links
long aliphatic chain
types of lipids in the membrane structure
glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterols
types of lipids in the storage
tri-acylglycerols (TAGs), waxes
types of lipids in the electron transfer
chylorophyll and chromophores, ubiquinone, plastoquinone
types of lipids in the photoprotection
carotenoids
types of lipids in the membrane protection
tocopherols
types of lipids in the water proofing and protection
long and very long chain fatty acids: cutin, suberin, wax
types of lipids in the protein associations
14:0 and 16:0 fatty acids, farnesyl and geranyl compounds phosphatidyl-inositol and -ceramide
types of lipids in the signalling
plant hormones, diacyl-glycerols, insect attractants
types of lipids in the defense
essential oils, latex resin
where can we find lipids in plant tissue
in cells as membranes, plastids, and oil bodies
a leaf has only ____% lipid
6
what are lipids made from
Acetyl-CoA
where are lipids made
chloroplast and cytosol
where are lipids broken down
peroxisomes aka glyoxysome
where are lipids stored
membranes, oil bodies
Plants _________ transport lipid
do not
what is making fatty acids called
fatty acid synthesis or the fatty acid spiral
what is breaking fatty acids called
beta oxidation
5 parts of making lipids
1) acetyl- CoA precursor
2) do nova synthesis: fatty acid spiral
3) Desaturation
4) Elongation
5) Modifications
what enzymes are in fatty acid synthesis
acetyl-CoA carboxylase and FAS
when does the the fatty acid synthesis spiral stop
C18
what are TAGs hydrolyzed by and why
hydrolyzed by lipases
to free fatty acids and glycerol
what do we find when we extract lipids from the plant
lots of free fatty acids from DAGs, diacyl-glycerols, and lots phospholipids from membranes
what does Rx mean
chain
saturated =
straight chain
unsaturated with 3 double bonds =
kinked or bent
where are DAGs and TAGs made
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