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Ecology 2483 > Lecture 5- Chapter 7: > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Chapter 7: Flashcards

1
Q

Key Concept 1: Life History

A

-Life history patterns vary among species and within a species
-Life History events are an adaptation

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2
Q

David Sinclair

A
  • Discovered the cause of death in yeast
  • Believes that aging is a disease and that he can cure it
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3
Q

Allocation

A
  • the relative amounts of energy or resources that an organism devotes to different functions
  • Can be divided between growth, survival, and reproduction
  • Which varies amongst organisms
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4
Q

Frogs Life History

A

-Is divided between an aquatic stage and a terrestrial one
-Resulting in a several evolutionary decisions
-Life history events are heritable and show variation among species and within
-Duration of tadpole
-Timing of metamorphosis

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5
Q

Frog’s Aquatic Stage

A
  • Egg stage
  • Tadpole stage
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6
Q

Frog’s Terrestrial Stage

A
  • Juvenile Stage
  • Adult Stage
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7
Q

Genetic and Environmental Differences

A

-Some frogs lay eggs in freezing cold water temperatures
-Tropical frog breeds within a fluid and keeps its eggs outside of the pond altogether

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8
Q

Phenotypic Plasticity

A
  • May result in a continuous range of sizes, or discrete types called morphs
  • Ex. Spadefoot toad is an example of both
  • Phenotypic plasticity in timing of metamorphosis
  • Tadpoles are the same genotype
  • Adult phenotypes differ in side from accelerated
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9
Q

Life Cycle Of a Coral

A
  • Sexual Stage, Juvenile Stage, Adult Stage
    1. Meiosis
    2. Fertilization
    3. Larva
    4. Polyp (asexual)
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10
Q

Sexual Stage of a Coral

A
  • meiosis
  • fertilization
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11
Q

Juvenile Stage of a Coral

A
  • Larva
  • Polyp
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12
Q

Adult Stage of a Coral

A
  • the rest
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13
Q

Key Concept 2 Life History:

A
  • There are trade-offs between life history trait
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14
Q

Key Concept 2 Life History Continued:

A

There are Trade-offs..
- between the number and size of offspring
- in organisms’ parental care
- between reproduction and survival

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15
Q

Reproductive Sexual Maturity is Reached:

A
  • Energy can be divided between growth or reproduction
  • Growth can then stop or continue
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16
Q

Allocation Energy:

A
  • is fixed and can be divided between growth, survival, reproduction, and offspring quality
  • Off-spring quality ( many or few)
17
Q

Parental Care:

A
  • Invest time and energy to feed and protect offspring
  • In the tropics, there are higher levels of competition in some areas, if you leave offspring alone, they can be consumed by predators
  • Ex. fish, frogs, etc.
18
Q

Vivid Pairing:

A
  • gives life, and seeds develop into embryos on the plant
  • Trade-offs between copulating and survival
19
Q

Life History Key Concept 3:

A
  • Organisms face different selection pressures at different life cycle stages
20
Q

The Origin of Life:

A
  • the ocean
  • diversity is very high
21
Q

Crabs:

A
  • have direct development
  • most adult crabs are in the Benthic stage
22
Q

Life Stages:

A
  1. Planktonic
  2. Non Planktonic/ Benthic
23
Q

Planktonic Life Stage:

A
  • has success
24
Q

Non-Planktonic/ Benthic:

A
  • do not live over evolutionary time as long as the planktonic ones
25
Q

Life History Key Concept 4:

A
  • Reproductive patterns can be classified along several continua
  • Iteroparous and Semelparous
26
Q

Iteroparous:

A
  • reproduces multiple times
27
Q

Semelparous:

A
  • reproduces only once
  • Ex. pacific salmon, mayfly
28
Q

R-selected Species:

A
  • live fast, die young
  • Short life spans
  • Rapid development
  • Early maturation
  • Low parental investment
  • High reproductive rate
  • Ex. insects, small vertebrates such as mice, weedy plant species
29
Q

K-selected Species:

A
  • Populations that are at or near the carrying capacity for a population (K)
  • An advantage in crowded conditions
  • Long-lived
  • Develop slowly
  • Late maturation
  • Invest heavily in each offspring
  • Low reproduction rates
  • Ex. rhinos, tortoise, etc

Ecology 2483 (21 decks)

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