Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 > Lecture #5 Chapter #3 > Flashcards

Lecture #5 Chapter #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the cell?

A

The cytoplasmic membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are the four characteristics of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Extremely thin, flexible, increases surface area of the cell, and maintains the integrity of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the term fluid mosaic relate to the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Mosaic because it is composed of many different parts such as proteins and lipids and fluid because it’s movable, flexible, and constantly moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

It means the cytoplasmic membrane controls the entrance and exit is substances into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is signal transduction?

A

A function of the cytoplasm big membranes that allows the cell to receive and respond to incoming messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can the cytoplasmic membrane be thought of?

A

As the gate or the border of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the structures of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Lipids, proteins, and a few carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do lipids work in the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Because they are made of phospholipids with water soluble heads (phosphate groups) and water insoluble tails (fatty acids), only molecules soluble in lipids can pass through while the membrane is impermeable to water soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can pass through the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Non-polar substances (I.e. O2, CO2, and steroids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A special type of lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cholesterols function in the cell membrane/cytoplasmic membrane?

A

It makes it more impermeable to water soluble substances and help stabilize the membrane

When the fatty acid tails get hot and starts to spin it prevents this, and prevents crystallization when the cell gets cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two categories for proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of an integral protein?

A

Forms pores, channels, and carriers in the cell membrane, and transduce signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a channel protein?

A

A type of integral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do receptor proteins do?

A

Respond to extracellular signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Catalyze chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four types of peripheral proteins?

A

Receptor proteins, enzymes, cell surface proteins, and cellular adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do cells surface proteins?

A

Establish self/mark the cell as what it is

Function in immune system in blood tissue typing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do cellular adhesion molecules do?

A

Enables cells to stick together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 8 structures of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum ER, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosome, and peroxisome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm called?

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does organelle mean?

A

Baby organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Temporarily stored nutrients or pigments within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A framework of supportive protein rods and tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

1/3 protein and 2/3 RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Structural support in enzymatic activity to link amino acids to synthesize proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is unique about ribosomes?

A

They are not contained or composed of membranes like other organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are ribosomes located?

A

Scattered throughout the cytoplasm or bound in the endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth and rough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of rough ER?

A

Because it is studded with ribosomes, proteins are synthesized here and move through transport where they are folded in 3-D shapes and sent to the Golgi for further processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the function of smooth ER?

A

Because it lacks ribosomes, it contains enzymes that are important in synthesizing lipids.
Lipids synthesized here are added to proteins coming from the rough ER

32
Q

What is ER composed of?

A

Flattened sacs, cylinders, and fluid-filled bubble-like sacs called vesicles

33
Q

What are the two functions of ER?

A

Tubular transport and participate in the synthesis of proteins and lipids

34
Q

Where is ER located within the cell?

A

Interact with the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane, and they wind from the nucleus to the cell wall like a rail system from a large city to the the suburbs

35
Q

Where does protein go after it is synthesized?

A

To the Golgi apparatus

36
Q

How do you tell what a cells role is?

A

By looking at what the cell is composed of

37
Q

Where is an abundance of smooth ER found and why?

A

It is seen in steroid producing cells such as the liver for breaking down alcohol and drugs

38
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A transport sack

39
Q

What are vesicles made of?

A

Membranous sacs

40
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

Do you transport substances within a cell or between cells

41
Q

What are the two types of vesicles?

A

Large and small

42
Q

Where are large vesicles found?

A

In the cell membrane, it is when the cell membrane folds and pinches off inward to take in outside material

43
Q

Where are small vesicles found?

A

They showed all material from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus (So they would be found between the two)

44
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus made of?

A

5 to 8 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

45
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Refines, packages, and transports proteins synthesized on the rough ER

46
Q

Where is the Golgi apparatus located?

A

Cells will have several found throughout

47
Q

What are the five steps in the Golgi apparatus process?

A
  1. Proteins (glycoproteins) arrive at the Golgi enclosed in vesicles
  2. These vesicles fused to the membrane of the Golgi
  3.  Clayco proteins pass through the Golgi stacks
    4. Golgi tags in sorts the molecules so they can be delivered to appropriate places or marked for export
  4. They reach the outer most layer and are packaged in bits of Golgi membrane and bud off inform transport vesicles
48
Q

What is the Endomembrane transport system?

A

A group of membranes and organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

49
Q

What are mitochondria made of?

A

Elongated fluid filled sacs with an outer and inner membrane and a matrix-fluid

50
Q

What is significant about the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A

It folds inward and increases surface area

51
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Captures and transfers energy from cellular respiration into chemical bonds of ATP that power cellular activities

It also contains its own DNA which make a few types of protein in specialized are in a

52
Q

Where are the mitochondria located?

A

Throughout the cytoplasm

53
Q

What is the lysosome made of?

A

Small membranes sacs containing enzymes

54
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Autophagy, It is a garbage disposal where sells dispose of their own trash

55
Q

Where is the lysosome located?

A

In the cytoplasm, formed from vesicles that originate from the Golgi

56
Q

What is a disease caused by lysosome dysfunction?

A

Pompe disease, Which is when the body can’t make a protein that breaks down glycogen

57
Q

What is peroxisome made of?

A

Small membrane sacs similar to lysosomes but they contain peroxidase enzymes

58
Q

What ate the five functions of the peroxisome?

A
  1. They use peroxidase enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions to release hydrogen peroxide
  2. Synthesize bile acids for fat digestion
  3. Break down lipids with long fatty acid chains
  4. Degrade rare bio chemicals
  5. Detoxify alcohol
59
Q

What is a disease that results of peroxisome dysfunction?

A

Leukodystrophy/LAD 

60
Q

What are the five things that make up the nucleus?

A

Chromatin, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nuclear plasm, and the nucleolus

61
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Long molecules of DNA wound around proteins

62
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

A inner and outer lipid bilayer membrane

63
Q

What are nuclear pores?

A

Channels that allow substances to move between the nucleus in the cytoplasm

64
Q

What is the nuclear plasm?

A

The fluid of the nucleus

65
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

A small dense body composed largely of RNA in protein

66
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores DNA molecules for the information for synthesis of proteins

67
Q

What is the location of the nucleus?

A

Center of the cell

68
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

A small dense body composed of RNA and protein

69
Q

What happens in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosome production, once produce they migrate out the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm

70
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Consists of 46 chromosomes. Each contains DNA wound round associated proteins-histones

71
Q

When is chromatin found the tightest?

A

At the beginning of cell division

72
Q

What is fundamental biology?

A

DNA ➡️ mRNA ➡️ protein

73
Q

What is transcription?

A

DNA ➡️ mRNA it is all in the language of nucleotides

74
Q

What is translation?

A

mRNA ➡️ proteins, information is being translated

75
Q

What charge does DNA have?

A

A very negative charge

Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions