Lecture #2 Chapter#2 Flashcards
What is organic matter?
Matter that contains carbon
What are elements?
The simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties
Collection of atoms of the same type
How can a compound occur? (Two ways)
Either in a pure form or as members of a chemical combination
What are basic elements
CHNOPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
What are trace elements?
Elements the body requires in small amounts
What are ultra trace elements?
Elements that are toxic in large amounts put vital in small amounts such as arsenic
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element has the chemical properties of an element
How do atoms vary?
Size, weight, and the way they interact with other atoms
What do atoms consist of?
Sub atomic particles; Which include electrons, protons, neutrons
What is an electron?
A negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around the atomic nucleus
What is a charge?
The electrical properties of some subatomic particles. With opposite charges attract and like charges repelling
What is the nucleus of an atom?
The core of an atom comprised of protons and neutrons
What is a proton?
A positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of all Atoms
What is a neutron?
And unchcharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the atomic number do?
It determines the element
What is another name for atomic weight?
Mass number
What is the atomic weight or mass number?
The total number of Proton neutrons in the nucleus oven elements Atoms
How do you find the number of protons in an element?
By looking at the atomic number
What is a molecule?
The combination of two or more atoms to form a distinctive type of particle
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
What is the molecular formula?
The short hand used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule
What are bonds?
Atoms combine with other atoms to form links
What is the shell model?
Model of electron distribution In an atom
How do atoms with vacancies in their outer shells interact with other atoms?
They will rid themselves of the vacancies by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons with other atoms
What are noble gases?
Any of the gaseous elements with a full outer shell of electrons or outer energy level
What is the octet rule?
When the outer shell is full and unreactive
What are valence electrons?
The electrons in the outermost/valance shell which determine the chemical behavior of an atom
What is an ion?
When an atom carries a charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons
What are cations?
Positively charged because they have lost an electron
What are anions?
Negatively charged because they have gained an electron
What is a chemical bond?
And attractive force that arise between two atoms when the electrons interact
What is a covalent bond?
Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
A strong mutual attraction form between ions of opposite charges (cations and anions)
