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Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 > Lecture #4 Chapter#2 > Flashcards

Lecture #4 Chapter#2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

Compounds that have carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen

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2
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

Molecules that consist primarily of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon plus a water molecule which is CH20 in that ratio.

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3
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

They provide much of the energy that the cells require

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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5
Q

What are the types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharide, and polysaccharides

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6
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

3 to 7 carbon atoms combined in a straight chain or ring

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7
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose, and Deoxyribose

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8
Q

How are monosaccharides detected?

A

With the Benedict’s test

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9
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A combination of two monosaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

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10
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The storage form of carbohydrates also known as animal starch

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11
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Complex carbohydrates built of simple carbohydrates to form larger molecules of different sizes

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12
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose and glycogen

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13
Q

What are the two functions of carbohydrates?

A

Energy and structural components of plants

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14
Q

What are the forms of carbohydrates that give energy?

A

Sugars, starches, and glycogen

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15
Q

What are the forms of carbohydrates that provide structural components of plants?

A

Cellulose and pectins

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16
Q

What is a lipid?

A

A greasy or oily nonpolar organic molecule, often with one or more fatty acid tails

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17
Q

What are lipids soluble in?

A

They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Defined by what they can’t do which is they can’t intersect with water

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18
Q

What are the three classes of lipids?

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

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19
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

A string of hydrocarbons which is non-polar

A single hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

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20
Q

What are the two forms of triglycerides?

A

Saturated and unsaturated

21
Q

What is the most abundant lipid?

A

Triglycerides

22
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids

23
Q

What do triglycerides do?

A

Supply energy for cellular activity, they can supply more energy program than carbohydrates

24
Q

What is the difference in structure of triglycerides and carbohydrates?

A

Well both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen triglycerides have a smaller proportion of oxygen than carbohydrates

25
Q

What is the building blocks of Triglycerides?

A

Fatty acids

26
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Fats that are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds

27
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Fats that are liquid at room temperature and have double bonds

28
Q

How is a triglyceride and a phosphorpid similar/different?

A

While a Triglyceride has three fatty acid chains, a phospholipid only has two and in place of the third has a phosphate group

29
Q

How do phospholipids interact with water?

A

The phosphate part is hydrophilic while the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic

30
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

Water loving/can mix with and desolve

31
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Water fearing/tendency to repel or mix with water

32
Q

What are steroids?

A

A class of lipids. Are complex and include connected rings of carbon. In the drawing each point represents a carbon

33
Q

What are examples of steroids?

A

Cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

34
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

35
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Perform a variety of functions, structural material, energy source, and chemical messengers

36
Q

What must be done to a protein to allow it to be used for energy?

A

It must get rid of the amine group

37
Q

How many amino acids makes up the average human protein?

A

300

38
Q

What are the 10 different types of proteins?

A

Structural proteins, Enzymatic proteins, membrane transport proteins, motile proteins, regulatory proteins, receptor proteins, hormones, Antibodies, storage proteins, and toxins and venoms

39
Q

What are the four proteins structures?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

40
Q

What is a primary protein structure?

A

The sequence of amino acids

41
Q

What is a secondary protein structure?

A

Helical or folded plates formed by hydrogen bonds

42
Q

What is the tertiary protein structure?

A

Three-dimensional structure formed by folding of the polypeptide chain

43
Q

What is the quaternary protein structure?

A

Assembly of two or more polypeptides

44
Q

What is the building block for a nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

45
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing organic base

46
Q

What are nucleotides examples?

A

ATP (energy), NAD (Coenzyme in energy metabolism), FAD (Coenzyme in energy metabolism), and cAMP (internal cellular messenger)

47
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Large molecules composed of repeating chains of nucleotides

48
Q

What are examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA (Which is genetic material) and RNA (functions in protein synthesis)

49
Q

What is the backbone of the comb of DNA?

A

Alternating phosphate groups and sugar

Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 (7 decks)

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