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Molecular & Cellular Biology > Lecture 5 - Biomolecules > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Groups of Atoms with Distinct Properties

A

Amino Group (NH2), Phosphate Group (OPO3^2), Methyl Group (CH3)

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2
Q

Hydrophilic Functional Groups

A

Hydroxyl Group, Carboxyl Group, Amino Group, Phosphate Group

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3
Q

Hydrophobic Functional Groups

A

Methyl Group

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4
Q

Types of Chemical Reaction

A

Synthesis (coming together)
Decomposition (separation)
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

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5
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water

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6
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.

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7
Q

Biomolecule

A

Complex molecules
only made by living things

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8
Q

Organic molecules are ______ based

A

Carbon

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9
Q

Properties of Carbon

A

4 Valence electrons, forms up to 4 covalent bonds

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10
Q

Polymers

A

Long chains of smaller molecules (monomers)

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11
Q

Monomer

A

Building block

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12
Q

Four classes of biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

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13
Q

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

A

Monomers

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14
Q

3 Types of Monosaccharides

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
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15
Q

Isomers

A

two compounds that have same chemical formulas but different structures

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16
Q

What are the functions of Monosaccharides?

A

Fuel
Skeletons for other biomolecules

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17
Q

Disaccharides

A

Any class of sugar that contains two monosaccharides

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18
Q

Types of Disaccharides

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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19
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + Glucose

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20
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose

21
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + Galactose

22
Q

What are the functions of Disaccharides?

A

Energy
Transportation of monosaccharides (in plants)

23
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long chains of monosaccharides

24
Q

Types of Polysaccharides

A

Starch granules in potato tuber cells
Glycogen granules in muscle tissue
Cellulose fibrils in a plant cell wall

25
Q

Linkage of Alpha glucose monomers

A

All monomers are in the same orientation

26
Q

Linkage of Beta glucose monomers

A

Every Beta glucose monomer is upside down with respect to its neighbor.

27
Q

Functions of Polysaccharides

A

Short term energy storage
Structural Support - Fiber

28
Q

Glycemic Index

A

A number associated with the carbs in a food that indicates the effect of these carbs on a person’s blood glucose (sugar) level

29
Q

High GI Foods

A

Jasmine rice, Chips, Biscuits, Cakes, Ice cream, Potatoes, processed food, white bread

30
Q

Low GI Foods

A

Vegetables, lentils, basmati rice, pasta, wholegrain bread, oats

31
Q

Large doses of fructose can overload the___ and be converted to fat

A

Liver

32
Q

Lipids

A

Collective name for fats, oils, waxes and fat-like molecules

33
Q

Lipids are all ______

A

Hydrophobic

34
Q

Types of Lipids

A

Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
Derived Lipids

35
Q

Simple Lipids

A

Esters of Fatty Acids

36
Q

Compound Lipids

A

Esters of fatty acids and alcohol containing other groups

37
Q

Types of Lipids covered in this class

A

Fatty Acids
Triglycerides - Simple Lipids
Phospholipids - Compound Lipids
Steroids - Derived Lipids

38
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Acids containing hydrocarbon chain and carboxyl

39
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Don’t have double bond b/w carbon atoms, molecule is saturated with hydrogen.

Solid at room temp

40
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Present at least one double bond in their molecule

Liquid at room temp

41
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fats and oils
Used for long-term energy storage

42
Q

What are triglycerides made of?

A

Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acid Tails

43
Q

Phospholipids

A

acts as a barrier to protect the cell against environmental dangers

44
Q

What are phospholipids are made of?

A

Phosphate-containing Head
Glycerol
2 Fatty Acid Tails

45
Q

Steroids

A

Made of rings of carbon

46
Q

Types of Steroids

A

Cholestrol
Steroid Hormones

47
Q

Cholestrol

A

Cell membranes
Skeleton for other steroids

48
Q

Steroid Hormones example?

A

Sex hormones

Molecular & Cellular Biology (10 decks)

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