Energy and Enzymes Flashcards
What is Energy?
The capacity to perform work, to move stuff
What is Kinetic Energy?
The energy of motion
What is Potential Energy?
Stored energy
Forms of Kinetic Energies
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Radiant
Sound
Forms of Potential Energies
Chemical
Nuclear
Gravitational
Elastic
Energy (can / cannot) be converted from one form into another.
Can
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy increases during energy conversions.
Entropy
Measure of randomness
Two types of Chemical Reactions:
Exergonic Reactions
Endergonic Reactions
Exergonic reactions _____ energy
Release
Endergonic reactions _____ energy
Require
Is cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic?
Exergonic
Glucose is burned, releasing energy
During Exergonic reactions, energy of products is _____ than energy of reactants
Less
During Endergonic reactions, energy of products is ______ than energy of reactants
More
Is Synthesis of Biomolecules exergonic or endergonic?
Endergonic Reaction
How do cells couple exergonic and endergonic reactions?
Exergonic reaction releases energy, which is then used to run endergonic reaction
ATP
Energy currency of cell
What are ATPs made of?
Adenosine, Triphosphate
During an exergonic reaction, what are the products and reactants?
Reactant: ATP
Products: ADP + Pi + Energy
During an endergonic reaction, what are the products and reactants?
Reactants: ADP + Pi + Energy
Products: ATP
Phosphorylation
Phosphate added to molecule
What is the main source of cellular respiration?
ATP
What is cellular respiration?
Process by which cells produce energy from glucose.
What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration?
Reactants: Glucose + O2
Products: CO2 + H2O
What are the two locations cellular respiration takes place at?
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Enzymes _________ chemical reactions
Speed up
Energy of Activation
Amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction going
High energy of activations means ______ reaction
Slow
Low energy of activations means ______ reaction
Fast
Enzymes (Lower or increase) energy of activation
Lower
Enzymes are made of 3 structures:
Globular protein
Active site
Regulatory Sites
List the 4 steps that make up enzyme reactions:
Substrate binds to active site
Induced fit
Reaction takes place
Products Released
How does temperature effect enzyme activity?
Hotter > Faster
What is a denatured enzyme?
Enzyme that lost is normal 3-d structure
Enzyme denatures if pH changes too (little / much)
Too much
