lecture 5: back and neck muscles Flashcards
1
Q
what is the innervation of the extrinsic back muscles
A
anterior rami of spinal nerves
2
Q
what are the superficial muscles of the back known as
A
extrinsic
3
Q
what is the primary finction of the extrinsic muscles
A
moveement of the upper limb
4
Q
true of false: extrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the vertbral colm
A
false, they control the upper limb therefore insert there
5
Q
where are theattachement sites for the intrinsic uscles od the back
A
vertebra or ribs
6
Q
what is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the back
A
movement and support of the vertbereal collumn
7
Q
what is the innervation of thee intrisinc back muslces
A
posterior rami of the spinal nerves
8
Q
true eor false: extrinsic back muscles aree innervated by thee posterior rami of spinal nervese
A
falsee, the anterior rami
9
Q
what is the muscles in the first layer of the extrinsic muscles
A
lat dorsi
traps
10
Q
what are the muscles in the 2nd latter of the extrinsic muscles
A
levator scap
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
11
Q
what are the muscles in the 3rd latter of the extrinsic muscles
A
serratus posterior inf and sup
12
Q
what are the muscles in the intermediate later of the inttrinsics
A
inlliocostalis
longisimus
spinalis
13
Q
what are the deeep muscles of the intrinsics
A
semispinalis
multifidus
rootatores
14
Q
what are the superior and posterior muscle of the neck
A
splenius
15
Q
what ar ethe deep psotereior muscles of the neck
A
rectus capitus posterior
obliquus capitus
16
Q
what is the superior antreior nck muscles
A
SCm
17
Q
what are the deep anterior muscles of the neck
A
rectus capitus anterior
rectus capitus laterialis
longus colli
scalenes (aint,post, middle)
18
Q
what is the translation for lat dorsi
A
broadest of the back
19
Q
what is the origon of lat dorsi
A
T7-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, ilium
20
Q
what is the insertion of the lat dorsi
A
intertubercular groove of humerus
21
Q
true or false: lat dorsi is the most superficial layer of the extrinsic back
A
true
22
Q
what is the function of latt dorsi
A
fuction is primary at the ARM but in the back
Bilateral function: spine extension
Unilateral function: ipsilateral (same side), lateral flexion of the lumbar spine
23
Q
what is the inenrvation of the lat dorsi
A
thoracodorsal n (c6-c8)
24
Q
true or fals: lat dorsi is a back muscle, but synergistt of the arm muscles
A
false, opposite
limb muscle but synneregist of other black muscles
25
what is te bilatrail function of lat dorsi
spine extension
26
what is the unilateral fucntion of the lat dorsi
ipsilateral lateral. fleexeion of th lumbar spine
27
true or false: lat dorsi acting unilaterally can do lateral flexion of the ceervical spine
false, the limbar spone
28
what is the shape of the trap
diamond shaped
29
what is the orgin on trap
bck of thee skull, spinous processes c7-t12, lig nuc.
30
what is the inseertion of the trap
scapula (spine, acrominon and clav)
31
what tis the functiton of the trap with a fixed scapular
bilaterial :neck extension
unilateral: ipsilateral,=: lateral. flexion...... contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine
32
what is the innervation of the trap
accessor.y spinal nereve
33
true of false: trap is synnergist of the back muscles
true
34
what is the bilaterial function of the traps
neck extension
35
what is the unilateral fucntion of thee traps
ipsilat: lateeral flexion
contrallat: rotation of the cervical spine
36
true or false: traps are innervated by thoradosoral n
false, accessory spinal
37
what is the origin of the lev scap
cervical spine
38
what is the insertion of the lev scap
superior/medial borer of the scapla
39
what is the 2nd layer of tthe extrinsic muscles of tthe back
levator scap and rhombs
40
what is the primary function of lev scap
eleventaion/movementt of the scapula
41
what is the unilateral function of thee lev scap.
ipsilateral, lateral flexion if. cervical soine
42
what is the bilateral function of thee lev scap.
extension of cervical spine
43
what is the innervation of the lev scap
c3-c5
44
what is the origon of the rhomboids
cervical and thoracic spine
45
what is the insertion of the rhombs
infreomedial border of the scapula
46
what is the function of the rhombs in tthe back
none in the back
47
what is the function of the rhombs
none in the back, but movement of the scapula
48
what is the innervation of the rhomboids
dorsal scapular
49
what is the origin of the serratus posterior superior
nuchal lig, SP of c7-T4
50
what is the insertion of the serrattus posterior superior
superior border of ribs 1-4
51
function of serratus posterior sup
elevation of upper ribs
52
what is the innervation of the serratus posteeruor sup
t2-t5 (anterior rami(
53
what is the origin of the serrattus posterior infereior
thoracolumbar fascia and SP of T11-T12
54
what is the insertion of thee serratus posterior infeerior
infereior border of ribs (8/9)-12
55
what is the function of the serratus psoterior inferior
depression of the lower ribs
56
wha tis the innervation of the serrattus posterior infeerior
t9-t12 (anterior rami)
57
what are some accessory muscles of respiration
serratus posterior inferior and superior
Scalenes
58
what are the 3 muscles part of the erector spinae group
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
59
what are the erector spinea muscles from lateral tto medial
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
60
wjat are the orogins of the erector spinae
sacrum/illium, spinous processes
61
whatt is the insertions of the erector spnae
ribs (I/L), transverse processses (L) and spinous processes (S)
62
what is the insertiton of the iliocostalis
ribs
63
what is th einsertion for longissimus
ribs and tranverse processes
64
what is the insertiton for spinalis
Spinous processes
65
what is the bilateral fucntion of the erector spinee
extension of the spine
66
what is the unilateral function of the erecttor spinea
lateral flexion of the spine (esp illio)(
67
which muscle out of the erector spinae is most responsible for the lateral flexion of the spine
illeicostalis
68
what is the reason that illeocostalis is most responsible for ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine
beacuse the lever arm at the spine is longer than the other 2 therefore it generates more torque
69
what is the inenrvation of the erector spinae muscle
posterior/dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
70
the semispinalis, the multifidus and the rotatores make up what group
transversospinal group
71
true or false, semispinalis has 3 divisions: cervisis, capitis and thorasis
true
72
what is the function of the capitus part of the semispinalis
some extension of the haed
73
where is the multifius most present
in the lumbar region
74
where is the orgin of the transversospinal group
transveres processes
75
what is the insertion of the transversospinal group
spinousprocesses
76
what is the bilateral function of the transversospinal group
extension of the spine
77
what is the unilateral fucntion of the transversospinalis group
unilateral contralateral rotation of the spine
78
what is the innervaiton of the transversospinalis group
posterior rami
79
true or false, the rotators contain only a brevis
false, also a longus
80
which is deeper, the semi spinlais or the splenisu
the semi spinalis
81
what is the origin of the splenisu capitus
nucal lig and SP of c7-t2
82
what is the inserttion of the splenius capitus
the skull (mastoid proceess)
83
what is the origin of the splenius cervisis
SP of t3-T6
84
what is the insertion of the splenius cervixis
TP of C1-C3
85
what is the bilaterial function fo the splenis
extension fo thespine
86
what is the unilateral function of the splenius
ipsilitaral lateral flexion and rotation of the head an d cerevical spine (shaking head)
87
what is the innervation of the splenius
posteror ram of the cervical nerves
88
trtue or false: the splenius when actting unilaterally causes ipsilataral lateral flexion
trtue
89
which muscles cause contralateral rotattion of the spine
transversospinalis
90
what is another name for the deep posterior muscles of the neck
suboccipitatl muscles
91
what tis the general function of the suboccipital muscles
posture/motion of the head
92
what are the 2 deep posterior neck muscles
rectus capitus posterior (major and minor)
obliquus capitus (sup and inf)
93
what does rectus capitus posterior mean
straight of the head
94
what does obliqus capitus mean
obloque of the head
95
what is the origin and insertion of the rectus capitus minor
posterior C1 to occiput
96
what is the orgin and inserion of the rectus capitus posterior major
SP or c2 to the occiput
97
what is the fucntion of the rectus capitus posterior
extension (bilaterial) and ipsilateral flexion of the head and ipsilatteral rotation of the head (mostly major)
98
why does the major rectus capitus poserior contribute more to lateral flexion?
necause it is more lateral therefore has a longer lever arm
99
what is the origin an and the insertion of the obliquus capitus superior
TP of C1 to
occiput
100
what is the origin and the insertion of the obliquus capitus inferior
SP of C2 to
TP of the C1
101
what is the function of the obliqus capitus
extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of the head and ip[silaterael rotation fo thee head (inferrior)
102
ttrue or false, the reectus captis posterior and obliquus caopitus are the main agonists for neck exension
false, they are synergists
103
what makes up the borders of the suboccital traignle
rectus cap posterior major (sup), obliquus capittus superior (lateral) and obliquees inferior (inf)
104
what makes up the supereior border of the sup occiptial triangle
rectus cap posterior major
105
what makes up the lateral border of the suboccipital triangle
obliquus capitus superios
106
what makes up tthe infeerior border of the suboccipital triangle
obliquus capitis inferior
107
what are the contents of the suboccipital trtaingle
vertebral artery
posterior ramus of c1 (suboccipital nerve)=nerve to all the suboccipital nerves
108
what is the nerve of posterior ramus of c1
tje suboccipital nerve
109
what innervates the suboccipital muscles
suboccipital nerve (psoterior rami of c1)
110
what is the origin of the sternoclediomastoid
the sternum and clavicle
111
what is the insertion of the SCM
the mastoid process
112
what is the innervation of the SCM
spinal accessory nerve
113
what is the function of the SCM (bilateral(
extension of the head/neck, flexion of thee neck (inferior cervical vert - sternal head)
114
what is the function of the SCM (unilateral)
contralateral rottation and ipsilateral lateral flexion
115
what is tthe origin of the scalens
TP of cervical vert c2-c7
116
what is the isnterion of the scalens
first rib (ant and middle )
second rib (postetrior)
117
what is the function of the scalenes
elevate the ribs (respiratory) or hey can flex the cervical spine and lateral flexion of the ceercical spine (ipsilateal)
118
what is the origin and insertion of the rectus cap laterailis
originL TP of atlas
insertion: occiput
119
what is the functiton of the rectus cap lateralis
ipsilateral head flexion
120
what is the origin and insertion of the rectus cap anterior
origin: TP of atlas
insertion: occiput
121
wjat is the funciton of the rectus cap anterior
ipsilateral rotation, flexion
122
what is the origin and inseriton of the longus capitus
origin: Tp of cervical verts
inserttionL occiput
123
what is the function of the longus colli
bilateral: neck flexion and ipsilateral flexion of the cerival spine
124
what innervates the scalenes
anterior rami (c3-c8)
125
what innervates the rectis cap lat, ant , longus cap and longus colli
anterior rami of the c1-c3
126
what is tjhe function of the longus capitus
head flexion
127
what is the orihin and insertion of the longus colli
origin: body C/T verts
insieriton: body or TP of the cervical verst
