lecture 21: leg and foot (bones and joints)

Question 1

how many joints are there in the legs

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what are the 3 joints of the leg

Answer 2

proximal tibiofibular
middle tibiofibular
distal tibiofinular

Question 3

what type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular

Answer 3

synovial plane and gliding

Question 4

true or fasel: there is alot of movement at the proximal tibiofibular jt

Answer 4

false, limited movement

Question 5

what are the two ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular

Answer 5

posterior and anterior ligament of the head of fibula
(anchors to tibia)

Question 6

what is the connective tissue membrane in the lower leg

Answer 6

interosseus membrane

Question 7

what type of joint is the middle tibiofibular

Answer 7

syndesmosis

Question 8

wht is the function of the interosseus membrane of the leg

Answer 8

anchors the bones together

Question 9

what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular

Answer 9

syndesmosis

Question 10

what are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular lig

Answer 10

anterior and posterior tibiofibular lig
transverse tibiofibular lig

Question 11

what is the shape at the distal leg

Answer 11

U shape bracket for ankle joint

Question 12

what are the 3 divisions of the foot

Answer 12

phalanges
metatarsals
tarsals

Question 13

how many phalanges are there

Answer 13

14

Question 14

what does hallux mean

Answer 14

big toe

Question 15

true or flase, every finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, fistal)

Answer 15

false, hallux only has two
(proximal, distal)

Question 16

how many metatarsal are there

Answer 16

5

Question 17

what are the intermediate bones between phalanfes and tarsals

Answer 17

metatarsals

Question 18

where is metatarsal 1 in line with

Answer 18

big toe

Question 19

true or false: metatarsal 1 is lateral

Answer 19

false, medial

Question 20

how many tarsal are there &

Answer 20

7

Question 21

what is equivalent to the carpals in the hand but in the foot

Answer 21

tarsals

Question 22

what makes up the forefoot

Answer 22

metatarsalss and phalanges

Question 23

what makes up the midfood

Answer 23

cuneiforms
navicular
cuboid

Question 24

what makes up the hindfoot

Answer 24

talus and calcaneus

Question 25

what are the 3 cuneiforms

Answer 25

medial intermediate lateral

Question 26

whcich foot bone is most medial

Answer 26

navicular

Question 27

which foot bone is most lateral

Answer 27

cboid

Question 28

what part of the tarsals does articulation with the tibia and fibula

Answer 28

talus

Question 29

what makes up the heel bone

Answer 29

calcaneus

Question 30

what is the function of the calcaneous

Answer 30

increases lever arm for gastroc and soleus

Question 31

what is the acronym for the bones of the foot tarsals

Answer 31

Tiny Cats Need MILC

Question 32

how many sesmoid bones are there in the foot

Answer 32

2

Question 33

what is the function of the sesmoid bones in the big toe

Answer 33

increase lever arm for the hallux digital flexors =increases torque

Question 34

what are common injuries of the sesamoids

Answer 34

sesamoiditis, sesamoid fractures q

Question 35

what stance puts alot of pressure on the sesamoids

Answer 35

catchers stance (being in extra dorsiflexion)

Question 36

what type of foot strike can increase sesmoid injuryt

Answer 36

forefoot strike in running (ball of foot gets all loading)

Question 37

how many arches are there in the foot

Answer 37

3

Question 38

what are arch functions

Answer 38

load absorption, increased rigidity for propulsion energy storage

Question 39

what are the 3 arches of the foot

Answer 39

medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch

Question 40

what is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch

Answer 40

talus

Question 41

what is the keystone of the lateral long arch

Answer 41

cuboid

Question 42

which arch is less significant

Answer 42

lateral (shallower)

Question 43

what is a keystone of the arches function

Answer 43

allows arch to be weightbearing

Question 44

transverse arch is made up of what bones

Answer 44

cuneiforms and cuboids

Question 45

what is the keystone of the transverse arch

Answer 45

intermediate cunieform

Question 46

true or false: are the arches unique for humasn

Answer 46

yes, necessary for bipedalgait

Question 47

passive support for the arches of the foot is from what

Answer 47

ligaments

Question 48

what soft tissues allow for longitudinal arch support

Answer 48

spring ligament (calcaneonavicular) short plantar lig long plantar lig

Question 49

short plantar lig extends where to where

Answer 49

calcaneous to cuboid

Question 50

long plantar lig extends where to where

Answer 50

calceanus to the base of lateral metatarsals

Question 51

fibularis longus tendon passes under what ligament

Answer 51

long plantar

Question 52

what soft tissues provide transverse arch support

Answer 52

tibialus posterior tendon fibularis longus tendon

Question 53

what is the true ankle joint

Answer 53

talocrural joint

Question 54

what makes up the borders of the u shape for ankle joint

Answer 54

medial and lateral malleolus

Question 55

understand talus of troclea fitting between malleoli

Question 56

the talocrural joint is what type of joint

Answer 56

complex synovial hinge joint (3 articulating bones)

Question 57

what are the 3 articulating bones of the talocrural joint

Answer 57

tibia, fibula, talus

Question 58

explain dorsiflexion

Answer 58

decrease in the angle measuring from the dorsum of the foot

Question 59

explain plantarflexion

Answer 59

decrease in the angle measuring from the plantar surface of the foot

Question 60

medial collateral ligament of the ankle is aka

Answer 60

deltoid ligament

Question 61

where does the medial collateral ligament extend from

Answer 61

tibia to talus and calcaneus

Question 62

what 3 ligaments make up the deltoid ligament

Answer 62

1) tibionavicular 2) anterior tibiotalar 3) posterior tibiotalar

Question 63

the anterior tibiotalar lig prevents what movement

Answer 63

limits plantarflexion

Question 64

the posterior tibiotalar lig prevents what movement

Answer 64

limits dorsiflexion

Question 65

what are the ligaments of the lateral colalteral lig

Answer 65

anterior talofibular calcaneofibular posterior talofibq

Question 66

what motion does the anterior talofibular limit

Answer 66

limit plantarflexion

Question 67

where does the lateral collateral lig extend from

Answer 67

extend from fibula to talus and calcaneus

Question 68

what do the calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligs limit in motion

Answer 68

limit dorsiflexion

Question 69

what type of joints are the DIP and PIP of the foot

Answer 69

hinge joints

Question 70

what type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joitns

Answer 70

condylloid/ellipsoidal

Question 71

what type of joints are the tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 71

plane/gliding

Question 72

what joints make the boundary between forefoot and midfoot

Answer 72

tarsometatarsal

Question 73

tranverse tarsal joint is made up of what 2 joints

Answer 73

calcaneocuboid joint

Question 74

what type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 74

plane/gliding joints

Question 75

what forms the boundary between hindfoot and midfoot

Answer 75

transverse tarsal joint

Question 76

what is the function of the talonavicualr joint

Answer 76

contributes to motion of more complex talocalcaneonaviuclar joint

Question 77

what is the subtalar joint (another name)

Answer 77

talocalcaneonavicular joint

Question 78

how many articulartions/joints are there in the subtalar joint

Answer 78

4

Question 79

what type of joint is the talonavicular joints

Answer 79

ball and socket

Question 80

what type of joint is the middle and andterior talocalcaneal joint

Answer 80

gliding/planar

Question 81

what type of joints is the anatomic subtalar joint (posterior talocalcaneal joint)

Answer 81

gliding/planar

Question 82

what motion is possible at the talocalcaneonavicular joint

Answer 82

eversion inversion

Question 83

what is inversion

Answer 83

lifting the medial plantar surface of the foot

Question 84

what is eversion

Answer 84

lifting the lateral plantar surface of the foot

Question 85

where does inversion/eversion occur

Answer 85

at the subtalar/TCN joint (not the ankle joint)

Question 86

in the TCN joint, at the front, what type of joint is it

Answer 86

ball and socket

Question 87

in the TCN joint, at the back, what type of joint is it

Answer 87

gliding

Question 88

what is pronation a mix of (what movements)

Answer 88

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

Question 89

what is supination a mix of

Answer 89

plantarflexion, inversion, adduction

Question 90

what is pronation vs supination of the foot

Answer 90

complex combination of movemetns at the ankle (D/P) and talocalcaneonavicular joints (E/I) and other joints of the foot (Ab/AD)

Question 91

what is pronation and supination important for

Answer 91

normal movements during gait ex: to distribute/transfer weight properly, to comfrom to uneven surfaces

Question 92

overpronation or underpronation (supination) during gait or stance can lead to waht

Answer 92

foot and leg injuries including arch collapse