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Anatomy 315 > lecture 16: intro to the lower limb > Flashcards

lecture 16: intro to the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main bones of the lower limb

A

pelvic girdle (sacrum,coccyx, pelvis)
femur
patella
tiba and fibula
bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)

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2
Q

what is another name for valgus angle

A

carrying angle

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3
Q

why is there a medial valgus angle in the knee

A

to minimize torque

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4
Q

explain neutral positioning of the pelvis

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle facing anteriorly
(with pubic tubercle more anterior)

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5
Q

the center in the gravity at the pelvis is anterior to what
and posterior to what

A

anterior to to the knee and ankle jt
posterior to the hip joint

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6
Q

the ASIS and pubic tubercle are alligned with what plane

A

coronal plane

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7
Q

PELVIC tilt impacts what

A

lumbar lordosis and may underlie lower back pain in some patients

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8
Q

in posterior pelvic tilt, which lies more anterior (the ASIS or pubic tubercle)

A

pubic tubercle

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9
Q

in anterior pelvic tilt, which lies more anterior (the ASIS or pubic tubercle)

A

ASIS

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10
Q

wihch type of pelvis tilt impacts the lordosis the most

A

anterior pelvic tilt

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11
Q

what bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

sacrum
coccyx
hip bones

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12
Q

the superior circle made by the hip boens is known as what

A

pelvic brim (inlet)

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13
Q

the inferior circle made by the hip boens is known as what

A

pelvic outlet

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14
Q

false pelvis lies superior or inferior to the linlet

A

superior to the inlet

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15
Q

where does the true pelvis lie

A

between inlet and outlet

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16
Q

be able to understand the pelvic inlet and outlet

A

.

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17
Q

what are the 3 main characteritics of the pelvic in an assiged female birth (AFAB)

A

wide and shallow
wide oval inlet
round outlet

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18
Q

what are the 3 main characteritics of the pelvic in an assiged male birth (AMAB)

A

narrow and deep
heart shaped inlet
narrow oblong outlet

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19
Q

which gender has a wide and shall pelvis

A

female

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20
Q

which gender has a wide oval inlet

A

female

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21
Q

which gender has a round outlet

A

dfemale

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22
Q

which gender has a narrow and deep pelvis

A

male

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23
Q

which gender has a heart shaped inlet

A

male

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24
Q

which gender has a narorw oblong outlet

A

male

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25
true or false: females have a heart shaped inlet
false, males
26
explain male vs female shape of outlet
male: narrow oblong outlet female: round outlet
27
explain male vs female shape of inlet
male: heart shaped inlet female: wide oval inlet
28
what is the subpubic angle
pubic arch by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side
29
what is the subpubic angle in female
90-100
30
what is the subpubic angle in male
70
31
which gender has a larger subpubic angle
female
32
what are the joints of the pelvic girdle (5)
lumbosacral sacroilliac joints (2) hip joints (2) pubic symphysis sacrococcygeal
33
what type of joint is the lumbosacral joint
solid symphysis
34
where is lumbosacral joint located
between L5-S1
35
what type of joint is the anterior sacroilliac joint
synovial
36
what type of joint is the posterior sacroilliac joint
sydesmosis
37
what type of joint is the hip joints
synovial ball and socket
38
what type of joint is pubic synphysis
solid (with superior and inferior pubic ligaments(
39
what type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint
solid symphysis
40
which joint is located between sacrum and illium
sacroilliac
41
which joint is located between l5 and s1
lumbosacral
42
what joint is located between s5 and coccyx
sacrococcygeal
43
what joint connects the two hips joints anterior
pubic symphysis
44
the hip bones are aka as
innominates
45
what are the 3 parts of the hip bone
ilium ischium pubis
46
what are the landmarks on the ilium
illiac crest posterior superior and inferior iliac spine anterior superior and inferior iliac spine ala (wing) of the ilium bod
47
obturator foramen is located between what bones
ischium pubis
48
what are the landmakrs of the ischium
ischial tuberocity ischial spine lesser sciatic notch ischial ramus
49
what 3 bones make up the acetabulum
pubis ilium ischium
50
what landmark is known as the sit bone
ischial tuberocity
51
what landmark is located most inferior in the hip bone
ischial tuberocity
52
what two bones and landmarks make up the greater sciatic notch
illium and iscium (PSIS and ischial spine)
53
what two landmarks make up the lesser sciatic notch
ishial spine and ischial tuberocity
54
which hip bone is located most anterior
pubis
55
what are the landmarks on the pubis
pubic tubercle inferior pubic ramus superior pubic ramus
56
what makes up the ischiopubic ramus
ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus
57
what is acetabulum named after
vinegar cup
58
what surface articulates as the sacroilliac joint
auricular surface
59
what surface of the hip is in contact with the sacrum
auricular surface of the ilieum
60
what makes up the pelvic brim
arcuate line (of ileum) pectineal line (of pubic)
61
artcuate line located on what bone
ilium
62
pectionial line located on what bone
pubic
63
bwe able to understand the medial view of the pelvis
.
64
what are the ligaments of the pelvis (4)
inguinal ligament anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments sacrotuberous lig sacrospinous lig
65
where does the inguinal ligament extend
ASIS to pubic tubercle
66
what ligament covers the obturator forament
obturator membrane
67
be able to locate the anterior and pposterior sacroilliac ligaments
.
68
sacrotuberous lig extends down to what landmark
ischial tuberocity
69
sacrospinous extends to what
ischial spine to the sacrum
70
are the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligs located anterior or posterior
posterior
71
what is the fascia behind the knee called
popliteal fascia
72
what is the fascia that surrounds the leg (upper)
fascia lata
73
what is the fascia that surrounds the lower leg (upper)
crural fascia
74
what bone of the lower leg lies right deep to the skin
tibia (exposed perioestum (highly innervated) which hurts the skin when hit))
75
the deep fascia of the thigh is known as
fascia lata
76
explain what the deep fascia of the thigh envolippes and its compartments
encloses the muscles of the thight outer enveloppe, with intermuscular septa, creates the fascia lcompartments
77
what creates the fascial comparmtnets of the upper thigh
septa
78
what muscle tenses the IT band
tensor fascia lata
79
which muscle is locates right under the ASIS
tensor fascia lata
80
what is the IT band
thickening of the fascia latea
81
the thickening of the fascia lata on the lateral side is known as
the iliotibial band
82
understand the intermuscular septa and the fascia lata
.
83
the aorta at the sacrum splits into what
common illiac and and vein
84
common illiac a and v splits itno
external and internal illiac v
85
explain the transport/pairing of the deep veins in the vascular supply lower limb
deep veins parallel the arteries up to the common iliac, then common iliac veins drain into the inferior vena cava
86
when do the aorta split into the common
at the level L4
87
external iliac stays in false or true pelvis
staying in false pelvis
88
explain the passage of the external illiac
Staying in the false pelvis, along pelvic brim and under inguinal ligament
89
What is the path of the unguinal ligament
Extends from ASIS and pubic tubercle
90
Which vessel of lower limb goes deep into the true pelvis
Internal iliac a and v
91
When does external illiac become femoral a
When it passes thru the inguinal ligametn
92
What is the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb
Great saphenous vein Lesser saphenous vein
93
Is the great saphenous vein medial or lateral
Medial
94
Explain the passage of the great saphenous v
Travels along the medial leg, posteromedial knee and medial thigh
95
Where does the great saphenous v start
Starts from big toe side on a arch (dorsal venous arch)
96
Great saphenous vein drains into what
Draining into femoral v via saphenous opening in fascia lata
97
Great saphenous v drains into the femoral via what
The saphenous opening in fascia lata
98
What is a clinical application of great saphenous v
Varicose veins (valves don’t close)
99
Which starts on the side of the big toe , lesser or greater saphenous
Greater
100
Which starts on the side of the pinky toe, lesser or greater saphenous
Lesser
101
Does the lesser saphenous v starts medial or lateral
Lateral
102
Does the lesser saphenous vein travel anterior or posterior
Posterior
103
What does the lesser saphenous v drain into
Popliteal vein
104
Where is popliteal vein located
In the poplitewlcfossa (behind knee)
105
Lymphatic draining of lower limb follows along what and into what
along Venous system, ultimately into superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes
106
Understand the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb
Wh
107
Why is it a spiral pattern for the dermatones in the limb lower
Spiral pattern reflects limb development ( limb turns)
108
dorsal venous arch on the foot is formed by the joining of what two veins
great and lesser saphenous

Anatomy 315 (25 decks)

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