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Anatomy 315 > lecture 12: the arm and elbow > Flashcards

lecture 12: the arm and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

what is the top of the arm called

A

brachium

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2
Q

what is the bottom of the arm called

A

anti brachium

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3
Q

what are the skeletal components of the upper limb

A

humerus
ulna
radius

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4
Q

what are the aspects of the distal humerus and be able to label them

A

lateral and medial epicondyles
medial and lateral supracondylar ridge
shaft
capitulum
trochlea
coronoid fossa
radial fossa
olecrannon fossa

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5
Q

which is more lateral capitulum or trochea

A

capitlum

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6
Q

what bone articulates with the capitulum

A

radius

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7
Q

what bone articulates with the trochlea

A

ulna

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8
Q

what are the 2 articualr facets of the humerus that articular with the elvlow bones

A

capitum and throchela

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9
Q

what articular surface acts as a spool/pulley in the elbow

A

trochlea

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10
Q

which acts as a pulley: capitum or trochlea

A

trochlea

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11
Q

where does the ulnar nerve pass behind

A

medial epicondyle

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12
Q

what passes behind the medial condyle

A

ulnar

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13
Q

what is another name for the intertubercular groove and why

A

bicipital groove because boceps of tendon passes through

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14
Q

which epicondyle is larger : medial or lateral

A

medial

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15
Q

what are the 2 bones of the forearm

A

proximal radius and ulna

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16
Q

which bone is more medial: radius or ulna

A

ulna

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17
Q

ulna is medial or lateral

A

medial

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18
Q

radius is medial or lateral

A

lateral

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19
Q

which is the longer bone: radius or ulna

A

ulna

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20
Q

which bone fits with the trochlea

A

ulna

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21
Q

which bone fits with the capitulum

A

radius

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22
Q

where does the radial head articualr wit h

A

the capitulum of humerus

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23
Q

where do the trochlear notches articulate with

A

the trocheal

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24
Q

what two aspects make the radius look like a wrench

A

olecrannon and coronoid process

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25
Q

what are the tuberocities of the of the forearm

A

radial tuberocity
ulnar tuberocity

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26
Q

does the ulna have a neck>

A

no the radial does

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27
Q

radial head is proximal or distal

A

proximal

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28
Q

ulnar head is proximal or distal

A

distal

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29
Q

be able to identify the aspects of the radius and ulna

A

/

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30
Q

what type of jt is the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge joint

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31
Q

is the elbow joint considered a compound joint>

A

yes

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32
Q

explain why the elbow jt is compound joint

A

because there are three bones and three articulations

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33
Q

what tare the 3 bones that make up the elbow joint

A

humerus
radius
ulna

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34
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the elbow joint

A

humeroradial
humeroulnar
radioulnar

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35
Q

which are the artciulations most important for the flexion of the elbow joint

A

humeroulnar and humeroradial (no radioulnar)

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36
Q

what are the 3 fossas of the humerus

A

coronoid
radial
olecrannon

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37
Q

what is the function of the three fossa of the distal humerus

A

the 3 fossa accomodate processes on radius and ulna and prevent excessive ROM

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38
Q

what are the aspects that make up the humeroradial articulation

A

capitulum and head of the radius

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39
Q

what are the aspects that make up the humeroulnar articulation

A

trochea and trochlear notch

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40
Q

which makes up the largest impact of the hinge movement at the elvow

A

humeroulnar
(trochlear and thorclear notches)

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41
Q

since elbow joint is a hinge joint, which movements are the major ones

A

flexion and extension

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42
Q

coronoid and radial fossa prevent excessive flexion or extension

A

flexion

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43
Q

olecranon fossa prevent excessive flexion or extension

A

extension

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44
Q

where is the olecreannon locked

A

its locked i nthe olecreannon fossa

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45
Q

what are the 2 main accessory structures of the elbow

A

fat pads
olecrannon bursa

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46
Q

where are the fat pads of the elbow located

A

in the 3 humerus fossa to act as cushion
(on top of synovial membrane
ie: extramembranous but intracapsular)

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47
Q

what are the 4 main structures of synovial joints

A

membrane
articualr cartilage
fibrous capsule
synovial fluid

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48
Q

what is the function of the olecranon burs

A

ddecrease friction between skin and bone

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49
Q

what is the only structure superior to the olecrannon bursa

A

skin

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50
Q

what are the 3 main ligaments of the elbow joint

A

ulnar and radial collateral ligament
annular ligaments

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51
Q

which ligament of the elbow joints is a triangular shape

A

ulnar collateral

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52
Q

what motion does the ulnar colalteral prevent

A

excessive radial movememtn

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53
Q

what turns the radioulnar jt into a pivot

A

the annular ligament

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54
Q

what is the function of the annular ligament

A

turns the radioulnar into a pivot joint

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55
Q

what is the general meaning of nursemaids elbows

A

subluxation of radial head

56
Q

explain nursemaids elbow

A

subluxation of radial head
=not fully dislocated but retuns back into the socket
=as radial head returns to the articulation with the capitulum it pinches the annular ligament (and structures)

57
Q

the anterior comparement of the brachium is aka as

A

the flexor compartment

58
Q

the posterior comparement of the brachium is aka as

A

extensor compartment

59
Q

does the anterior or psoterior compartment do flexion

A

anterior

60
Q

does the anterior or psoterior compartment do flexion

A

anterior

61
Q

does the anterior or psoterior compartment do extension

A

posterior

62
Q

what is the anterior compartment of the brachium innervated by

A

musculocutaneous nerve

63
Q

what is the posterior compartment of the brachium inneravted by

A

radial nerve

64
Q

what is the anterior compartment of the forearm responsible for

A

elbow flexion (aka flexion of forearm at the elbow)

65
Q

what is the posterior compartment of the forearm responsible for

A

elbow extension (extension of the foream at the elbow)

66
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of thee brachium

A

biceps brachii
coracobrachilais
brachialis

67
Q

what are the origins of the biceps brachio

A

long head: supraglenois tubercle of the scpula, tendon runs over humeral head through the biciptal groove
(passive stabilization of the shoulder

short head: radial tuberocity

68
Q

which head of biceps origins at the coracoid process

A

short head of biceps

69
Q

which head of biceps originates at the supragelnoid tujbercle

A

long head of the biceps

70
Q

which head, long or short head runs through the intertub groove

A

long head

71
Q

true or false, bicep brachii long head tendon acts as passive stabilization

A

true

72
Q

what ist the function of the biceps brachii

A

flexion of the elbow joint
accessory flexion of the GH jt
supination

73
Q

true or false: biceps only acts on elbow joint

A

false, also accessory flexion of the glenohumeral joint

74
Q

what is bicitial aponeurosis

A

broad flat tendon of the biceps

75
Q

what are the two deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

coracobrachialis and brachial

76
Q

what is the origin of the coracobrachilais

A

coracoid process

77
Q

what is the insertion of the coracobrach

A

medial/anterior shaft of the humerus

78
Q

what is the function of the coracobrachilalis

A

flexion, weak adduction and medial rotation at thee GH joint (does not cross elbow joint)

79
Q

true or false and why: coracobrachialis acts on the ELBOW

A

false it does not cross the eblow

80
Q

what is the pure flexor of the elbow

A

brachialis

81
Q

what is the origin of the brachialis

A

anterior shaft of the humerus

82
Q

what is the insertion of the brachialis

A

ulnar tub

83
Q

true or false: the biceps inserts into the ulnar tuberocity

A

false, radial

84
Q

what is the function of the brachilalis

A

flexion of the elbow joint

85
Q

true or false: the brachialis m inserts into the radial tubercotiy

A

false, the ulnar tuberoctiy

86
Q

what is the motor inneravtion of the anterior arm

A

musculocutaneous (from lateral cord)

87
Q

where does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce/go

A

behind and pierces through the coracobrachialis

88
Q

all three muscles of the anterior arm are inervated by..

A

musculocutaneous (c5-c7)_)

89
Q

what would sensory and motor loss look like in amusculocutaneous n injury

A

loss of elbow flexion for motor
loss of sensation near lateral aspect of the antebrachium

90
Q

where is motor innervation of the anterioa arm coming from

A

multiple cutaneous and mixed nerves

91
Q

what are the sensory branches for the anterior compartment of the arm

A

axillary (c5-c6)
radial (c5-t1)
lateral cutaneous n of forearm
medial brachial cutaneus (medial cord, c8-t1)
medial antebrachial cuatenous (medial cord, c8-t1)

92
Q

what are the muscle that makes up the posterior compartment of the arm

A

triceps brachii
anconenous

93
Q

what are the origins of the triceps brachii

A

long head: infraglenois tubercle of the scapula (crosses the GH jt)
lateral: posteiror shaft of humerus above the radial groove
medial head: posterior shaft of the humerus below the radial groove

94
Q

which head of the triceps originates at the infraglenoid tubercle of the scap

A

long head

95
Q

which head of the triceps originates at the posterior shaft above the radial groove

A

lateral head

96
Q

which head of the triceps originates at the posterior shaft below the radial groove

A

medial head

97
Q

what is the insertion of the triceps

A

olecrannon process of the unla (single tendon)

98
Q

tru or false: the heads of the triceps converge into one single tendon and insert into the ulnar tuberocity

A

false, they converge as one onto the olecrannon process

99
Q

what are the functions of the triceps

A

elbow extension
(long head can also do GH adduction and extensiON)

100
Q

true or false and explain: the triceps function at the elbow and the GH jt

A

yes because it starts on scpula
it does elbow extension but also adduction and extension at the GH jt (specifically long head)

101
Q

what is the origin of the anconeus

A

posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (dorsal)

102
Q

what is the insertion of the anconeus

A

olecrannon process

103
Q

what is the function of the ancoenous

A

elbow extension and stabilization

104
Q

which muscle is antagonist with the biceps

A

triceps

105
Q

true or false: the medial and lateral heads of the triceps are deep to the long head

A

true

106
Q

where does the radial n travel

A

in the radial groove of the posterior hum

107
Q

explain the pathway of the radial nerve

A

travels through radial groove on the posterior humerus

and then wraps around humeral shaft to end on the anterior to lateral epicondyle

108
Q

tricps and ancoenous are innervated by…

A

radial n

109
Q

whta is the brachial plexus contributions to the radial n

A

c5-t1

110
Q

what nerve innervates around the surgical neck of the hum

A

axillary n

111
Q

what passes in the quadrangular space of the scapula

A

axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral

112
Q

what passes in the triangular interval

A

radial n and deep brachial a

113
Q

what is sensory innevation of the triceps

A

axiallary (c5-c6)
radial n (c5-t1)
medial brachial cutaneous (c8-t1)
medial anterbrachial cutaenous (c8-t1)
lateral cutaneous n of the forearm

114
Q

where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

A

inferior to the teres major

115
Q

inferior to the teres major, the axillary artery becomes the BLANK

A

brachial artery

116
Q

what is the blood supply to the posterior ar m

A

deep brachial a (in radial groove)

117
Q

what is the blood supply to the anterior arm

A

brachial a

118
Q

what passes in the radial groove of the humerus with the radial n

A

the deep brachial (profunda brachii)

119
Q

brachial artery branches to what to supply the posterior arm

A

deep brachial

120
Q

brachial artery branches to form deep brachial and what other artery

A

posterior humeral circuflex

121
Q

where does the brachial artery split

A

at the elbow psoterior

122
Q

what does the brachial artery split into at the elbow

A

radial a
ulnar a

123
Q

what are the terminal branches of the brachial artery

A

radial a (lateral)
ulnar a (medial)

124
Q

brachioradialis muscle lies anterior and laterally, but is considered an exception, why

A

because it is not innervated by musculaocut but rather by radial

125
Q

brachioradialis spans across the elbow joint but not the BLANK

A

carpus

126
Q

what is the origin of the brachioradilais

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of the humeris

127
Q

what is the insertion of the brachioradalis

A

styloid process of te radius

128
Q

what is the function of the brachioradialis

A

elbow flexor (biceps.brachialis synergist),despite being innervated by radial n

129
Q

the brachioradialis is a synnergist flexor for what muscles

A

biceps and brachialis

130
Q

what is the cubital fossa

A

triangular space, in anterior elbow, apex pointing distally, forming a passage (funnel) for neurovascular strucutres from arm into forearm

131
Q

what is the superior border of the cubital fossa

A

line between humeral epicondyles

132
Q

what is the lateral border of the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis

133
Q

what is the floor border of the cubital fossa

A

brachialis (deep to the biceps brach00)

134
Q

what is the medial border of the cubital fossa

A

pronator teres

135
Q

what is the roof border of the cubital fossa

A

bicipital aponeurosis

136
Q

ADD CARDS ABOUTHE CONTENTS OF THE CUBTAL FOSSA

A

Anatomy 315 (25 decks)

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