Lecture 5

Question 1

What is another name for Haematobia exigua

Answer 1

Buffalo fly

Question 2

Why are the lesions caused by Haematobia exigua a problem

Answer 2

Hide damage and welfare issues

Question 3

Describe the morphology of Haematobia exigua

Answer 3

• Maxillary palps are longer than half the length of the proboscis
• Eyes are large, red
• Thorax: two dark stripes
• The wings are held in a ‘V’ shape at rest

Question 4

Haematobia exigua: what sex feeds on blood and how often

Answer 4

• Both sex
• 20-40 times a day
• Bites are painful

Question 5

Explain the lifecycle of Haematobia exigua

Answer 5

• Adult flies live for about 10-20 days on a cattle host
• Permanently associated with the host - females leave only to lay eggs on fresh faeces
• Females require blood meals for egg production and lay abtches of 14-20 eggs/day under edges of dung, on crevices of the dun pad
• Lifecycle: 9-11 days

Question 6

Epidemiology of Haematobia exigua

Answer 6

Northern australia

Question 7

What is the host for Haematobia exigua

Answer 7

Cattle and buffaloes

Question 8

Where do Haematobia exigua locate

Answer 8

• Found in larger numbers on withers, shoulders and flanks -> heave infestations can be found on the neck, back, head and legs
  
  • Dont like dusty animals

Question 9

Haematobia exigua: what are the population dynamics

Answer 9

• Numbers increase in December and are highest in summer and autumn

Question 10

Haematobia exigua: how is it spread

Answer 10

• Spread throughout Australia occurs mainly by movement of infested cattle

Question 11

When does Haematobia exigua travel

Answer 11

at night

Question 12

What are the clinical signs of Haematobia exigua

Answer 12

• Feed on blood -> painful bites and irritation -> distress -> reduce grazing time
• Restlessness: animals toss head, swish tail
• Rubbing against trees - hide damage
• Skin lesions

Question 13

What causes this

Answer 13

Haematobia exigua

Question 14

What causes this

Answer 14

Haematobia exigua

Question 15

What causes this

Answer 15

Haematobia exigua

Question 16

What causes this

Answer 16

Haematobia exigua

Question 17

What causes this

Answer 17

Haematobia exigua

Question 18

How to treat and contol Haematobia exigua

Answer 18

• Elements of IPM ptogram
  
  • Breed selection
  • Seletion eithin breed
  • Dung beetles
  • Buffalo flies traps
  • Chemical treatment
  • Cull the allergic animals
  • Non chemical contol should be used wherever possible
  • Monitor the animals ant treat with cehmicals wher ethere are more than 200 flies/beef cattle and 30 flies/dairy cattle

Question 19

Why are dung beetles a good control for Haematobia exigua

Answer 19

• Increase the dispersal of cattle dung -> reduce the number of buffalo flies
• Some parasiticies have toxic effect of dung bettle population

Question 20

What are the traps for Haematobia exigua

Answer 20

• Buffalo fly traps
  
  • Buffalo fly tunnle trap
  • Buffalo fly brush trap

Question 21

What is the most common control with Haematobia exigua

Answer 21

• Ear tags
  
  • Use OPs and SPs and abamectin
  • Rotate the families of drugs
  • Ear tags must be removed as soon as past their protection time, generally 10-16 weeks after application

Question 22

What are the methods of application for Haematobia exigua

Answer 22

• Dips
• Sprays
• Buckrubbers
• Dust bags
• Insecticidal ear tags

Question 23

How to ensure resistant management with Haematobia exigua

Answer 23

• Know the chemical group
• Which group are effective
• Folloe application instructions
• Rotate groups not just products
• Remove eat tags at end of effective life
• Integrate with tick and worm control programs