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Parasitology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

50% of Bos taurus cattle died with anaemia, weakness, weight loss, no death with bow inducus

A

Cattle ticks

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2
Q

Most important tick in australia

A

Rhipicephalus australis

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3
Q

How much does rhipicephalus australis cost

A

$150 millions

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4
Q

Morphology of rhipicephalus australis

A

Mouth as long as basis capituli

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5
Q
A

rhipicephalus australis

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6
Q

Lifecycle of rhipicephalus australis

A

One host tick - feedon host for 2 weeks, drp off and then start to lay eggs

Eggs laying can cease if temperature is below 15 degrees

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7
Q

How long can rhipicephalus australis larvae survive

A

Summer: 3-4 months

Winter: 5-6 months

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8
Q
A

rhipicephalus australis

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9
Q

How do rhipicephalus australis larvae get onto host

A

Sit on grass lwith legs up

Larvae are the infective stage

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10
Q

What do larvae turn into and for how long rhipicephalus australis

A

Nymphs after 4-5 days

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

How long does it take for nymph to turn into larvae

rhipicephalus australis

A

one week

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13
Q

rhipicephalus australis: how long do females feed

A

3 weeks after larvae attachment early in the moring they drop off.

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14
Q

rhipicephalus australis: host

A

Cattle

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15
Q

rhipicephalus australis: distribution

A

QLD, NT, WA, NSW

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16
Q

Where is the natural boundary

A

Great dividing range

17
Q
A

Tick boundary line

18
Q

rhipicephalus australis: what does susceptibility depend on

A
  • Breed - bos indicus less susceptibile
  • Stress
  • Grooming
  • Age
  • Season
19
Q

When is the population largest of rhipicephalus australis

A

Spring, summer, autumn

Depends on humidity, temperature, vegetation

Heaviest infestation: november to july

20
Q

Less favorable months for tick infestation in north QLD

A

April - November

21
Q

How are cattle nfected with larvae rhipicephalus australis

A

Larvae from environemnt

22
Q

What is special about rhipicephalus australis larvae

A

Larvae and males can transfer one animlas to another

need to feed within 24 hours or die of dehydration

23
Q

Effects female ticks have on host

A
  • Damage to hides
  • Loss of production
  • Anaemia
  • Tick worry
24
Q
A

Tick worry

25
Q

Where does resistance work the best

A

Attachement of larvae

26
Q

Bush tick (haemaphysalis longicornis): morphology

A

Basis capituli: sub-regular

Palps: short, second article extends laterally, palp 3 with dorsal and ventral spur

Legs: dark brown

27
Q

Lifecycle of haemaphysalis longicornis

A

3 host tick

Females drop off -> eggs hatch -> larvae attach to host -> 1 week larvae drop off -> nymphs attach to another host -> feed for a week and turn into adults

28
Q

haemaphysalis longicornis: host

A

Cattle

29
Q

Seasonal pattern of haemaphysalis longicornis

A

Larvae - late summer and autumn

Nymphs: autumn and persist throughout winter

Adults: late spring and peak in summer

30
Q

What can haemaphysalis longicornis transmit

A

Theileria buffeli

31
Q

How to control haemaphysalis longicornis

A
  • Resistant cttle breeds
  • Pasture rotation
  • Natural enemies
  • Biological controls
32
Q

Factors that might limits the effectiveness of the chemical control

A
  • Chemical and extent of resistance
  • Method of applying the chemical
  • Timing and frequency of. treatment
33
Q

WHAT % of Rhipicephalus australis are resistance

A

30-50%

34
Q

What is the only drug that can be given as an injectable

A

Macrocyclic lactones

35
Q

Name 4 ways drugs can be applied

A
  • Pour-on
  • Hand spray
  • Spray race
  • Plunge dip
36
Q

Advantages of pour on

A
  • Easy and quick to apply
  • Longer residual activity
  • Safer for operator
37
Q

Disadvantages of pour ons

A
  • Expensive
  • Licking
  • Skin should be clean and dry at time of aplication
  • Coverate of some skin parts
  • Underdosing and long persistance -> favour the development of resistance

Parasitology (9 decks)

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