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Parasitology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Days after tick infestation to clinical signs of babesiosis

A
  • B.bovis - 8-18 - Babesia bigemina
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2
Q

Thieleria buffeli

  • Hosts
  • Vectors
  • Epidemiology
A
  • Cattle
  • Harmaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis bancroft and Haemaphysalis humerosa
  • QLD and NSW
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3
Q

Clinical signs with theileriosis

A
  • Similar to those seen in babesiosis or anaplasmosis: fever, LOA, weakness, muscle tremor, jaundice, haemoglobinuria
  • 3 death recorded, in all three cases parasitemia approached 100%
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4
Q

Diagnosis with theileriosis

A
  • Complicated by the presence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis
  • Blood smears: bacillary/bayonet and oval forms are common in chronical infections
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5
Q

Where is theileria present

A

Blood smears

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6
Q

What is the lifecycle of Theileria

A
  • Infected tick whole feeding inject sporozoites that are present in their saliva
  • Sporozoits invade the leukocytes and develop into schizonts
  • Merozoites released from schizonts invade the rbc (can be detected in rbc 10 days PI)
  • Destruction of RBC
  • TICKS: larvae and nymphs, ingest blood with parasitised rbc-> gametes form in the lumen of the gut -> fuse to form zygote -> kinetes
  • After tick moults kinetes will penetrate the cells of the salivary glands, multiply and form the sporozoites
  • TRANSSTRADIAL TRASNMISSION
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7
Q

What is the epidemiology of theileriosis

A
  • Animals recover from the disease but the parasite may persist -> relapses can occur during times of stress
  • Prevelence of the disease is rising in QLD, NSW, Victoria
  • Disease is usually seen with
    • High producing disease-free cattle moved to infected properties near the coast -> clinical signs develop after 4-6 hours
    • Carrier cattle moved to disease free properties and home-bred cattle affected 2-6 months later
    • Home bred calves aged 8-12 weeks
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8
Q

How is theileriosis tansferred

A
  • Ticks
  • Biting flies
  • Needles
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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of theileriosis

A

Destruction of rbc -> anaemia

  • Mechanical action
  • Immune mediated
  • Elevated levels of methemoglobin
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of theileriosis

A
  • Anaemia, anorexia, weakness, depression, jaundice, abortion, ataxia, fever, weight loss, drop in milk production
  • Mortality: up tp 30%
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11
Q

Diagnosis of theileriosis

A
  • Blood smears stained by Giemsa
  • PCR for confirmation
  • Serology tests
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12
Q

Treatment of theileriosis

A
  • No drugs are registered in australia
  • Less severe cases: oxytetacycline and Imidocarb
  • Supportive therapy, rest and no stress
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13
Q

Where is Psorobia ovis found

A
  • Found in sheep through Australia
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14
Q

What is the location of Psorobia ovis

A
  • All stages are permanent parasires
  • On the surface of the stratum corneum and in the superficial layers
  • Highest number of dorsal part of the body
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15
Q

WHat is the morphology of Psorobia ovis

A
  • Shape: almost circular
  • Legs: short/stout and arranged evenly around the body
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16
Q

Lifecycle of Psorobia ovis

A
  • Numbers build up slowly - it might take years to spread through a flock
  • Number of parasites lower in summer
  • Sheering has negative impact of population of mites
17
Q

Transmission of Psorobia ovis

A
  • Direct contact
18
Q

What are the clinical signs in sheep with Psorobia ovis

A
  • Most fleece damage occurs belowe the elbow
  • Sheep bite their fleece -> pull wool on the side of body flant
  • Sheep rub/scratch -> fleece has a ragged/tuffed appearance
19
Q

Diagnosis of Psorobia ovis

A
  • Clinical signs and the absence of lice
  • Confirmation: skin scrapings
20
Q

Treatment of Psorobia ovis

A

MLs

21
Q
A

Psorobia ovis

22
Q

Morphology of Chorioptes bovis

A
  • Gnathosoma is short, rounded in outline
  • Most legs are long
  • Pretarsi are short, not jointed and the pulvilli are cup/bell-shaped
  • A pair of well developed posterior lobes, each lobe has 2 long broad flat setae anf 3 normal setae and a pair of copulatory suckers
23
Q

Lifecycle of Chorioptes bovis

A

All stages are permant parasites

24
Q

Epidemiology of Chorioptes bovis

A
  • Common in temperate areas
  • Common in housed dairy
  • Clinical signs are seen/most severe during cold weather
25
Q

Transmission of Chrioptic mange

A

Direct contact

26
Q

Pathogenesis of Chrioptic mange

A
  • Clinical signs are the result of hypersensitivity
  • Severity of clinical signs can vary from mild to severe
  • Lesions are common on the tailm perineum, rump, udder, scrotum, distal hind legs
  • Lesions usually start at the base/root of the tail and spreaf to perineum, udder, hind legs ect
  • Erythema, papules, nodules that progress to alopecia, fine greyish scales, oozing, thick crusts
  • Pruritus is gnerally mild to intense -> animals rub the tail/perineum against the objects -> exudation -> crust
  • Skin in the affected areas become thick, wrinkled and with cevices and abscesses
27
Q

How to diagnose Chrioptic mange

A
  • Clinical signs, location of clinical signs, season, stabled animals
  • Microscopic examination of the slin scrapings
28
Q

Treatment of Chrioptic mange

A
  • MLs
    • Ivermectin and moxidectin
    • Doramectin
    • Epinomectin
29
Q

Chrioptic mange in sheep and goats

A
  • Lesions are usually seen on hind legs and feet
  • Common during cold season
  • Erythema, papules, crust, alopecia, pruritus
  • Thickening of the skin of the scrotum -> testicular atrophy and cessation of spermatogenesis
30
Q

Explain what is seen with Demodex bovis

A
  • Nodule and papules up to 1cm in diameter localised mainly on the neck, shoulders, brisket
  • Nodules contain a caseous material and many mites -> damage to hide
31
Q

How to diagnose Demodicosis in cattle

A

Identification of mites in deep scrapings of the skin with lesions

Parasitology (9 decks)

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