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Neuro Part 1 > Lecture 5+6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5+6 Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebral cortex functions

A 
function: 
sensory processing 
cognition + language 
motor function 
attention 
personality 
consciousness
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2
Q

gyri vs sulci?

A

gyri = ‘hills’

sulci = ‘valleys’

have these to pack more neurons in the cranium

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3
Q

central sulcus

A

separate’s the frontal and parietal lobes

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4
Q

Lateral or Sylvain fissure

A

separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

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5
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

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6
Q

gyri and sulci of the occipital lobe

A

lateral view:
lateral occipital gyri (superior and inferior occ. gyri)

medial view: 
calcarine sulcus (divides cuneus and lingual)
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7
Q

gyri and sulci of temporal lobe

A

lateral view:
superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus

superior (near Wernicke’s area)

superior and middle temporal sulcus

inferior view:
Parahipocampal Gyrus (Limbic Lobe)
collateral sulcus

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8
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex

A

Transverse temporal Gyrus of Heschl (Area 41)

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9
Q

where is Wernicke’s area

A

Planum temporale & posterior portion of the superior

temporal gyrus

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10
Q

function of insular lobe

A

autonomic function
gastric secretions
emotions
self-referential cognition

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11
Q

gyri and sulci of frontal lobe

A

superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (contains Broca’s area)

precentral gyrus (motor cortex) 
central sulcus
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12
Q

Brodmann areas (BA)

A 
Parcellates the cortex based
on cytoarchitectonic (i.e. cell organization)
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13
Q

BA 3,2,1

A

somatosensory cortex or postcental gyrus

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14
Q

BA 4

A

primary motor cortex (precentral cortex)

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15
Q

BA 44,45

A

pars opercularis, pars triangularis = together represent Broca’s area (language production)

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16
Q

BA 22

A

Posterior portion overlaps with Wernicke’s area (language comprehension)

17
Q

BA 17

A

primary visual cortex

18
Q

gyri and sulci of parietal lobe

A

postcentral gyrus (somatosensory)

submarginal gyrus (spatial awareness)

angular gyrus (computing, spelling, attention)

19
Q

Commissures of medial surface

A

anterior: interconnects olfactory bulbs and temporal poles
posterior: pupillary light reflex and eye movements

20
Q

fornix

A

commissurized band of white matter that interconnects the hippocampus and the mammillary bodiesof the hypothalamus (memory)

21
Q

communication between PNS and CNS

A

corticospinal (lateral): motor

dorsal column- medial lemniscus system: sensory

anterolateral system: sensory

22
Q

adverse effects of increased ICP? norm ICP?

A 
symptoms: 
nausea 
increased BP
bradycardia
papilledema (excess secretion of CSF)

normal = 5-15 mm hg

23
Q

causes of increasing BBB permeability

A

hypertension
hyperosmolarity
infection
trauma/ ischemia/ inflammation

24
Q

Noncommunicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus

A

obstruction of the right interventricular foramen

obstruction of cerebral aqueduct

25
Q

Congenital Hydrocephalus

A

noncommunicating

obstruction of cerebral aqueduct

26
Q

hydrocephalus (imaging)

A

brain tissue will atrophy; increase ventricle size

27
Q

communicating hydrocephalus

A

impaired absorption of the CSF (arachnoid villi)

enlargement of all the ventricles

28
Q

communicating hydrocephalus (imaging)

A

episodic increase in ICP
distorted brain tissue; all ventricles expanded

normally in the elderly

29
Q

brain edema: vasogenic and cytotoxic

A 
vasogenic: 
increased capillary permeability 
white matter 
with proteins 
compromised BBB
brain tumor, abscess, trauma, hemorrhage
cytotoxic: 
cellular swelling 
gray and white matter 
normal BBB 
hypoxia, water intoxication, ischemia
30
Q

Cingulate sulcus

A

separates the limbic lobe

31
Q

corticospinal tract (lateral)

A

motor
comprised of upper motor neurons
voluntary control (synapse with lower motor neurons)
CNS to PNS

32
Q

diagnostic abnormalities of the CSF

A

seen to have increased proteins in all abnormalities

viral infections usually have lower glucose

all abnormalities usually have more cells present

Neuro Part 1 (18 decks)

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