DLA 11-13

Question 1

what do spinal meninges lack?

Answer 1

periosteal dura

Question 2

blood supply of spinal cord

Answer 2

segmental branches of the vertebral A.

Question 3

development of the ventricular system

Answer 3

The prosencephalon splits into the telencephalon (lateral ventricles) and the diencephalon (3rd ventricle)

The ventricular component of the mesencephalon is the cerebral aqueduct.

The rhombencephalon splits into the metencephalon and myelencephalon, both of which relate to the fourth ventricle

Question 4

left and right ventricles communicating with 3rd ventricle

Answer 4

the Left and right lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina (of Monro).

Question 5

how does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the 4th

Answer 5

cerebral aqueduct

Question 6

How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the central canal of the medulla

Answer 6

directly

Question 7

parts of the lateral ventricles

Answer 7

anterior (frontal) horn:
located in the frontal lobe

body (corpus):
located in the frontal and parietal lobes

posterior (occipital) horn:
located in the occipital lobe

inferior (temporal) horn:
located in the temporal lobe

Question 8

third ventricle location

Answer 8

a thin vertical cavity, occupying the midline between the diencephalic hemispheres

Question 9

fourth ventricle location

Answer 9

A rhomboid cavity overlying the pons and rostral medulla

Question 10

how does the 4th ventricle communicate with the subarachnoid space

Answer 10

foramina of Luschka
foramen of Magendie

this is how the CSF exits the 4th ventricle

Question 11

movement of CSF in order

Answer 11

1. lateral ventricles to 3rd via interventricular foramina
2. from 3rd into cerebral aqueduct
3. from cerebral aqueduct to 4th
4. 4th to central canal via the foramina of Luschka
   (lateral) and Magendie (medial

Question 12

what leads to obstructive or non communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 12

pathogens, immune cells, congenital stenosis, tumors

Question 13

sources of communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 13

secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
(Expansion of ventricles owing to degeneration of
surrounding tissue)

Question 14

derived from NCS

Answer 14

adrenal medulla
melanocytes
dorsal ganglion 
Schwann cells  
PNS
sensory neurons 
symp and para NS

Question 15

derived from neural tube

Answer 15

Brain
Spinal cord
Motor neurons
Retina

Question 16

Encephalocele

Answer 16

A failure of portions of the anterior neuropore to
close

protrusion of a sac from the cranium consisting of
portions of the meninges and CSF, glial tissue, and
brain substance with or without the ventricles

Question 17

Holoprosencephaly and SHH

Answer 17

Failure of right and left hemispheres to
separate .

Cleft Lip/Palate
Cyclopia
Fetal Alcohol syndrome

Question 18

Spina bifida (myeloschisis)

Answer 18

posterior neuropore fails to close.

Question 19

diagnosing NTD’s

Answer 19

alpha feto protein
increase in AchE
ultrasound

Question 20

Role of Peripheral Myelin Protein (PMP-22)

Answer 20

secreted by the Schwann cells

essential for layering schwann cell membrane as myelin

Question 21

mutation in PMP 22

Answer 21

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy

severe hypomyelination
clumsy, tremor, muscle atrophy

it is a single AA substitution (gly to asp)