DLA 4+5 Lecture 3+4

Question 1

telencephalon features

what makes up the tele?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex (gray matter)

made up of frontal lobe (motor), parietal lobe (somatosensation), occipital lobe (vision), temporal lobe (hearing), limbic lobe (emotion and memory) and insular lobe (visceral sensation)

Question 2

forebrain (part of tele)

Answer 2

white matter
does contain deeper gray matter structures (basal ganglia and hippocampus)

lateral vesicles
closely tied to olfactory nerve

Question 3

basal ganglia

location? components? function?

Answer 3

located in telencephalic area deep to the cerebral white matter

components: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

function:
Initiation and organization of movement
Regulation of cortical motor activity via thalamus

Question 4

hippocampus

location and function?

Answer 4

location:
telencephalic (deep)
mesial temporal lobe

function:
learning and memory

Question 5

location and function of amygdala

Answer 5

Location:
Telencephalic (deep)
Mesial temporal lobe (rostral to hippocampus)

function:
regulation of emotional behavior
maybe connect emotions and memories

Question 6

thalamus?

location and function?

Answer 6

location:
Diencephalic

function:
Modulates and relays virtually all sensory input
to cortices

Processes output from basal ganglia and
cerebellum to regulate motor cortex (movement)

Question 7

association fibers (white matter)

Answer 7

connect two regions within one hemisphere

Ex: Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

Question 8

commissural fibers (white matter)

Answer 8

connect one side of the CNS with the other

Ex: corpus callosum

Question 9

projection fibers (white matter)

Answer 9

connect cortical and subcortical nuclei

can be motor or sensory

Question 10

parts of the diencephalon

Answer 10

thalamus (relay info) 
hypothalamus (homeostasis, growth) 
subthalamus (motor and sensory) 
epithalamus (endocrine) 
third ventricle 
cranial nerve II

pineal gland, pituitary

Question 11

parts of the brain stem

Answer 11

midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 12

parts of the midbrain and functions?

Answer 12

red nucleus = motor (upper extremities) 
medial lemniscus (sensory tract) 
substantia nigra (motor center) 
cerebral peduncle (motor)

Question 13

role of cerebellum

Answer 13

smoothing and coordination of movement

equilibrium

Question 14

medulla functions?

Answer 14

various nuclei = respiration, BP,

medullary pyramids = clinically important

olivary nuclei = motor circuits

Question 15

pons function

Answer 15

relay info to and from cerebellum (cerebellar peduncles)

ventral nuclei - relay info to cerebellum from cortex

dorsal nuclei = taste, respiration, arousal

Question 16

small diameter axons vs large diameter axons

Answer 16

large diameter axons:

larger SA
less resistance
length constant is greater
conduction speed is greater

Question 17

where is an action potential initiated

Answer 17

axonal hillock

Question 18

NaV activation gate

Answer 18

Positively charged amino acids move outwards on depolarization, because the inside becomes more positive, pushing positive charges out. This opens the central pore and constitutes the activation (m) gate

Question 19

lidocaine on the NaV

Answer 19

lidocaine binds to the open pore (high affinity)

this drug prevents the return of the domain III voltage censor to the resting state

prevents AP

derivatives can also be used as anti-seizure to suppress AP’s