DLA 2+3 + Lecture 1+2

Question 1

The grooves

Answer 1

1st groove = External acoustic meatus

Groove 2,3,4 = Obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch to join the 6th arch

Question 2

The 4 pouches

Answer 2

1 = Tubotympanic recess, middle ear cavity, mastoid antrum

2 = Palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossa

3 = Thymus, inferior parathyroid glands

4 = Superior parathyroid glands, ultimopharyngeal body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

Question 3

what do the pharyngeal arches develop from

Answer 3

Develop from mesoderm and migrating neural crest cells

Question 4

1st pharyngeal arch

Answer 4

trigeminal cranial nerve
maxillary A.
many muscles and bones

Question 5

2nd pharyngeal arch

Answer 5

facial nerve

skeleton and muscles

Question 6

3rd pharyngeal arch

Answer 6

glossopharyngeal nerve
common and internal carotid A.

skeleton and muscle

Question 7

4th pharyngeal arch

Answer 7

vagus superior laryngeal nerve
aortic arch and right subclavian

skeleton and muscle

Question 8

6th pharyngeal arch

Answer 8

vagus recurrent laryngeal nerve
Ductus arteriosus and pulmonary A.

skeleton and muscle

Question 9

nuclei vs tracts

Answer 9

nuclei: gray matter
clusters of cell bodies

tracts: white matter
axons

Question 10

brain parts: forebrain

Answer 10

1. telencephalon (cerebrum)

2. diencephalon (interbrain) (thalamus)

Question 11

midbrain name

Answer 11

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Question 12

parts of the hindbrain

Answer 12

1. metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

2. myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 13

5 parts of the spinal cord

Answer 13

1. cervical enlargement (C 7+8)
2. thoracic
3. lumbar enlargement ( L5)
4. sacral
5. coccygeal

Question 14

role of PNS afferents

Answer 14

touch and pain (one neuron)

peripheral cells communicating with central cells

Question 15

Role of somatic nerves

Answer 15

muscle stimulation (one neuron)

Question 16

Role of visceral efferent nerves

Answer 16

to viscera (two neurons) (pre and post)

central cells communicating with peripheral cells

Question 17

what is the name of the transitional zone between CNS and PNS

Answer 17

Redlich-Obersteiner’s

Question 18

structure of peripheral nerves

Answer 18

peripheral N. covered by a dense protective epineural layer

epineurium are fatty masses that harbor blood vessels and nervous fascicles contained by perineurium

Within each fascicle is delicate endoneurium, which surrounds smaller groupings of myelinated and/or
unmyelinated axons

Question 19

use of microtubules in the neuron

Answer 19

dimers of alpha and beta tubulin added at the positive

end of microtubules = Polymerization (involved in transport)

Question 20

role of neurofilaments and microfilaments

Answer 20

neuro = number determines axonal diameter

micro = mediate growth cone advance during
growth or repair after injury

Question 21

anterograde vs retrograde transport

Answer 21

anterograde = kinesin
move vesicles towards the + end and away from soma

retrograde = dynein (fast)
move toward the - end and towards the soma