DLA 2+3 + Lecture 1+2 Flashcards
The grooves
1st groove = External acoustic meatus
Groove 2,3,4 = Obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch to join the 6th arch
The 4 pouches
1 = Tubotympanic recess, middle ear cavity, mastoid antrum
2 = Palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossa
3 = Thymus, inferior parathyroid glands
4 = Superior parathyroid glands, ultimopharyngeal body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)
what do the pharyngeal arches develop from
Develop from mesoderm and migrating neural crest cells
1st pharyngeal arch
trigeminal cranial nerve
maxillary A.
many muscles and bones
2nd pharyngeal arch
facial nerve
skeleton and muscles
3rd pharyngeal arch
glossopharyngeal nerve
common and internal carotid A.
skeleton and muscle
4th pharyngeal arch
vagus superior laryngeal nerve
aortic arch and right subclavian
skeleton and muscle
6th pharyngeal arch
vagus recurrent laryngeal nerve
Ductus arteriosus and pulmonary A.
skeleton and muscle
nuclei vs tracts
nuclei: gray matter
clusters of cell bodies
tracts: white matter
axons
brain parts: forebrain
- telencephalon (cerebrum)
2. diencephalon (interbrain) (thalamus)
midbrain name
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
parts of the hindbrain
- metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)
2. myelencephalon (medulla)
5 parts of the spinal cord
- cervical enlargement (C 7+8)
- thoracic
- lumbar enlargement ( L5)
- sacral
- coccygeal
role of PNS afferents
touch and pain (one neuron)
peripheral cells communicating with central cells
Role of somatic nerves
muscle stimulation (one neuron)
Role of visceral efferent nerves
to viscera (two neurons) (pre and post)
central cells communicating with peripheral cells
what is the name of the transitional zone between CNS and PNS
Redlich-Obersteiner’s
structure of peripheral nerves
peripheral N. covered by a dense protective epineural layer
epineurium are fatty masses that harbor blood vessels and nervous fascicles contained by perineurium
Within each fascicle is delicate endoneurium, which surrounds smaller groupings of myelinated and/or
unmyelinated axons
use of microtubules in the neuron
dimers of alpha and beta tubulin added at the positive
end of microtubules = Polymerization (involved in transport)
role of neurofilaments and microfilaments
neuro = number determines axonal diameter
micro = mediate growth cone advance during
growth or repair after injury
anterograde vs retrograde transport
anterograde = kinesin
move vesicles towards the + end and away from soma
retrograde = dynein (fast)
move toward the - end and towards the soma
