Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognition > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is TMI?

A

Too much information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is selective processing?

A

reducing the load of visual processing by filtering information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is retinal filtering?

A

a type of selective processing - colour information only encoded in the central visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cortical filtering?

A

fine details are only represented in central vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of eye movements?

A
  1. saccades

2. fixations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are saccades?

A

small, rapid eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fixations?

A

pauses in eye movements that indicate where a person is looking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are two things that determine where we look at?

A

saliency - areas of stimuli that attract attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two reasons eye-movements can be voluntary?

A
  1. scene schema - prior knowledge about what is found in a certain place e.g. microwave
  2. task demands override stimulus saliency e.g. what am i doing next
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three types of shifting attention?

A
  1. Exogenous attention
  2. Endogenous attention
  3. Dynamic attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is exogenous attention?

A

bottom-up processing, rapid shift geared towards survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is endogenous attention?

A

top-down processing, slow shifts that are goal directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is dynamic attention?

A

top-down processing, smooth shifts of attention over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can attention be directed to without eye movement?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is divided attention?

A

paying attention to more than one thing at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is attentional resolution?

A

you can see the dots in the outer ring but you can’t count them

17
Q

What are four things attention does?

A
  1. attended objects are processed more efficiently e.g. Posner
  2. better acuity and recognition performance
  3. attention binds the world together
  4. attention helps us find things
18
Q

What is the binding problem?

A

features of objects are processed separately in different areas of the brain

19
Q

How does binding occur? What is the theory?

A

Feature Integration Theory - attention binds features together

20
Q

What can failures of attention lead to?

A

illusory conjunctions - I might think that green apple is a red apple because the pre-attentative features are ‘free-floating’

21
Q

Who tested illusory conjunctions?

A

Triesman & Scmidt

22
Q

What did the test on illusory conjunctions find?

A

Coloured shapes & numbers: incorrect associations of features occurred 18% of the time, asking Ss to focus on targets eliminated this

23
Q

What is Balint’s syndrome?

A

can only attend to one thing at a time - parietal lobe damage

24
Q

What is spatial visual attention?

A

how do we allocate attention or find things in a complex arrays or scenes?

25
Q

What is the visual search paradigm? What does it compose?

A

subjects search for a target among distractors - set size (e.g. how many people on the beach) - subjects judge whether subject is absent or present - judge reaction time

26
Q

What were two findings of Treisman’s experiment on conjunction searches?

A

conjunction searches - when you search for a object amongst a set that has properties that are similar e.g. size, colour, shape
found that RT increased with set size for conjunction targets
argued that conjunction searches are serial and self-terminating

27
Q

What are three basic features that ‘pop-out’ in displays?

A
  1. colour
  2. orientation
  3. size
28
Q

What can we attend to?

A
  1. spatial items - spotlight metaphor
  2. a particular feature - e.g. blue
  3. objects - attention can select an entire object
29
Q

What did the evidence for object-based attention that Egly et al. find? 2 points

A
  1. fastest reaction time at targeted position

2. “enhancement effect” for non-target within the target rectangle

30
Q

What was Colby’s experiment about attention and the brain about? (monkey)

A

Monkey trained to keep eyes fixated on a dot whilst peripheral light was flashed on the right

31
Q

What did Colby’s experiment about attention and the brain find? (monkey)

A

Neuron responded well when monkey was attending to peripheral light, neuron responded poorly when monkey was not attending to it

32
Q

What is the hypothesis that is linked to attention and binding in the brain?

A

Synchrony hypothesis - neurons firing to same object synchronise with each other e.g. orchestra metaphor

33
Q

Can perception occur without attention, why?

A

scenes can be processed in the absence of attention - observers could see an animal in the picture 76% of the time

34
Q

What did the study on autism and attention find?

A

autistic people look at socially irrelevant stimuli - thus when autistic people are in a social situation they may perceive the world differently

Cognition (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions