Lecture 5

Question 1

Possible selves

Answer 1

Adolescents are able to think about this because of the ability of hypothetical thinking. Its is about the various identities that individuals may adopt.

Question 2

Personal identity

Answer 2

Identity in terms of characteristics of the self

Question 3

Social identity

Answer 3

Identity in terms of group membership

Question 4

False-self behaviour

Answer 4

Acting in a way one knows inauthentic

Question 5

The five-factor model

Answer 5

1. Extraversion - how outgoing
2. Agreeableness - how sympathic
3. Conscientiousness - how responsible
4. Neuroticism - how anxious
5. Openness to experience - how curious

Question 6

Identity vs. identity difussion

Answer 6

One of Erikson’s 8 crises

Question 7

Self-image

Answer 7

1. Self-esteem
2. Self-consciousness (how much someone worries about their self-image)
3. Self-image stability

Question 8

Psychosocial moratorium

Answer 8

Needed for a coherent identity. Period in which an individual experiments with different identities.

Question 9

identity diffusion

Answer 9

An incoherent, incomplete sense of self due to not having resolved the crisis of identity.

Question 10

Identity foreclosure

Answer 10

The premature establishment of a sense of identity before sufficient exploration has occured.

Question 11

Negative identity

Answer 11

The selection of an identity that is undesirable in the eyesof significant others and the broader community.

Question 12

The four stages of identity achievement

Answer 12

1. Identity foreclosure - commited to an identity, without enough exploration.
2. Identity difussion - an incomplete self, due to not having resolved the identity crisis.
3. Moratorium - the adolescent is experiencing a crisis, and are experimenting with different identities.
4. Identity achievement - the adolescent has a clear and coherent sense of self, because having explored enough.

Question 13

Informational orientation

Answer 13

Actively seeking information, and approaching identity-related decisions with an open mind

Question 14

Normative orientation

Answer 14

Trying to conform to family and other social expectations and trying to get identity-related decisions as soon as possible.

Question 15

Diffuse/avoidant orientation

Answer 15

Procrastination and avoiding the identity-related decisions.

Question 16

Gender intensification theory

Answer 16

The idea that the pressure to behave in sex-appropriate ways intensifies during adolescence.

Question 17

Social identity theory

Answer 17

A person’s sense of self is based on their belongingness with groups.

Question 18

Gender identity

Answer 18

What gender an individual relate to

Question 19

Sexual orientation

Answer 19

To what gender an individual is sexually attracted

Question 20

Gender-role behaviour

Answer 20

The extent to which an individual behaves in traditionally feminine or masculine ways

Question 21

Immersed self

Answer 21

The self through your own eyes

Question 22

Distal self

Answer 22

The self through the eyes of others.