lecture 5 Flashcards
Campaigns have: (8)
- Target groups
- Central message
- Strategy (the big plan)
- Tactics (the specifics)
- Partners
- Stakeholders
- Gatekeepers
- Outcomes
Strategies vs. tactics
Strategy= a global plan to reach a long-term goal
Tactics= specifics on how you will implement the plan
Goal is bigger than ——, strategy is bigger than —-
strategy
tactics
Partnerships
= government or nongovernment, corporation, communities etc.
- microgrants were given (by ParticipACTION and coca cola) to teens to funds health promotion programs
- Colgate providing workshops to children about dental hygiene (beneficial for both parties)
Stakeholder
= people of groups with some of the same interest as ours
We can use them as potential partners, funders, suppliers, sponsors, etc.
parners vs stakeholders
Partners are stakeholders (by definition), but not every stakeholder needs to be a partner
Partners are very much involved w development of program; stakeholders are not fully “entrenched” in the program
Example: who would the potential stakeholders be for a health initiative for reducing sugar consumption?
- Dentists, dental hygienists
- Doctors
- Dieticians
- Obesity/weight professionals
- Diabetes professionals
- Government
- Corporate level: Sugar replacement companies (stevia etc.)
Gatekeepers
= people who stand between you and your goals
-Their permission, support, assistance, and collaboration may be crucial
Surveillance= the “—-“
the “eyes and ears” of health
Surveillance was mainly used to monitor infectious diseases, but it can be used to
monitor chronic diseases, injury, health service uptake, vector distribution, environmental hazards
Surveillance can be used for:
- Characterising patterns of disease
- Detecting epidemics
- Further investigation
- Research
- Disease control programs
- Setting priorities
- Evaluation of health programs
Basic elements of surveillance:
- Detection and notification of health events (usually done by a laboratory)
- Info collected and stored in a systematic way
- Analyze and interpret data
- Info needs to reach the right people so the appropriate action can occur
Types of surveillance (5)
- Passive surveillance
- Active surveillance
- Sentinel surveillance
- Rumour surveillance
- Syndromic surveillance
Passive surveillance=
Routine reporting of health data (hospital data, disease registries; births, deaths). Low cost, baseline data on health of a populations.
More complete/better quality data but more resource intensive
Limitations of passive surveillance: under-reporting of disease (access to health care, people may not access care if they need it)
Active surveillance=
Actively sought out.
- Outbreaks: active case findings
- Serosurveillance: testing blood markers
- Health surveys: communities, health centres, countries
Sentinel surveillance=
Using selected institutions/groups. Monitors trends, diseases and detects outbreaks.
Limitations= unable to detect outside sites/groups, not useful for rare conditions
Rumour surveillance=
Unofficial sources of information.
Alerts public health authorities to events that require further investigations
Syndromic surveillance=
Monitoring non-specific conditions (fever, respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness). Forms info on disease clusters.
Aim is to allow early identification of illnesses before they are reported to health agencies.
Relies on automated electronic methods
2 Characteristics of a good surveillance systems:
- Simple, flexible, good quality, acceptable, sensitive, and positive predictive value, valid, accurately represent population, detect events in a timely manner, stable resource
- Surveillance systems should be evaluated regularly
Canadian health measures survey (CHMS)
- Database that is helpful for identifying issues in health
- Active survey
- Measures/samples things like bone health, BMI, nutrition
- Industrial samples such as air quality: goal is to try to link those two samples together
- They have a mobile van for their data collection: physical measures and lab measures
- Household survey/interviews/questionnaire: letters sent through mail
- Data goes directly to stats canada
–> limitations: doesn’t include people in remote areas, Canadian forces, indigenous populations, institutionalized populations
BC generations project
-has a cohort that it follows longitudinally
- linking disease and behaviour
-she is a part of this (randomly selected): every certain amount of time they take skinfold measurements, blood, ask about physical activity
-they have access to all participant’s medical records
Canadian Community Health Survey
- This data does not directly go to stats Canada
- CHIR (more about health information than the other surveys)
NHANES
- American database that includes more physical exam, clinical measurements and tests
- Not a survey
How to assess if the process worked?
- Program assessment rating tool
- CDC registry of effectiveness
- PHRED
- Public Health Agency of Canada Canadian Best Practices
Icelandic model: a way to address complex problems/systems
- Targeting systemic alcohol and drug abuse in teenagers
- Based on “social deviance models” no behaviour changes models (not effective)
- Bringing all stakeholders together: figure out issues about family values, peer values, lack of community engagement
- Interventions: involving the family, changing their behaviour to have more time to engage with their kids
- Settings based approach: in the schools and in the families
Challenges in applying icelandic model:
- Need control over policy and regulation (laws about alcohol and cigarette purchasing/advertising)
- Would be a lot more expensive if the population was bigger
- Trying to implement this in a larger population that is not targeted would be more challenging
National health and fitness initiative
- Increase physical activity in Canada
- Talk to NPs (in parliament) and provide fitness opportunities to them (such as personal trainers, swimming/running programs, whatever they were interested in)
- The idea is that the senators would then implement health promotion practices in their communities bc they understand the value of exercise
