lecture 3 Flashcards
reciprocal causation
theory that one’s behaviour is influenced by personal-individual factors and the surrounding environment
and the surrounding environment is influenced by the individuals in it/their behaviour
7 benefits to settings based health promotion
- increased awareness of health issues
- development of health promoting policies and budgets
- improvements in physical and psychosocial environments
- more frequent/better partnerships
- development of discrete health promotion/education projects
- changes in individual attributes, behaviour, functioning
- economic benefits
two approaches to a settings based health promotion
Captured audience
Structure and culture redesign
Captured audience
-individually focused health promotion
-education, mass media, skill development
ex. stress reduction, lifting techniques, nutrition programs
Structure and culture redesign
-individuals and structures interacting creating complexity
-focused on changing the whole system to be more health enhancing
ex. less elevators, social connections in the workplace
two types of models
theoretical model= a way of looking at something
process model= a framework that tells us how to do something
the ecological model
health is affected by a dynamic interaction between biology, behaviour and environment
the influences are constantly changing
as the spheres get more distal, there is bigger influence but much harder to do (public policy)
ecological model of health
accounts for..
main focus is…
accounts for the social, cultural and economic factors that affect health behaviour
main focus is how environment shapes behaviour (and how there is multiple levels of influence for a behaviour)
Individual level: knowledge
example
being provided with a video about how to wear a medical mask properly
–> not saying they have to wear it, just providing info
Interpersonal level: friends, family, social network
example
a post on social media from your friend about how they are against the anti-mask protests
we tend to be influenced by our friends
Organizational level: workplace, schools
example
SFU mandates wearing masks at school
Community level: cultural values, norms, built environment
example
a whole community of anti maskers protesting, can influence policy and each other
Public policy
example
mask mandate
sunscreen and shade example (which level?)
Individual level: encourage people to wear sunscreen
Community level: plant more trees for shade
Public health agency of canada (PHAC)
promote and protect health
prevent and control chronic disease
influencing health policies
provides info on policies
etc.
PHACs population health promotion model
multiple points of entry
combination of the ecological model, determinants of health, and the ottawa charter
“multiple entry points” example
the drug problem is very complex, you can approach it from many different angles
PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL
-voluntary process
-focused on the community
PRECEDE
predisposing
reinforcing
enabling
construsts in
educational
diagnosis
evaluation model
Precede is
what you do before you start the intervention
PROCEED
policy
regulatory and
organizational
constructs in
educational and
environmental
development
formative evaluation
evaluating as you go (ex. process evaluation)
Phase 5 is
a mixture of precede and proceed
PRECEDE objective
improve quality of life
Phase 1 PRECEDE
social assessment
= gathering information about population’s quality of life
ex. surveys, talking to people
PRECEDE phase 2
epidemiological assessments
=identify specific health problem that is linked to quality of life
ex. monitor, statistics, environmental and genetic factors
PRECEDE phase 3
behavioural and environmental assessment
=identify specific behaviours that need to be changed
ex. what are the behavioural/lifestyle factors causing an increase in vaping in teens (what is the mechanism?)
PRECEDE phase 4
=educational and ecological assessment
-factors that affect the behaviour and lifestyle and the environment
-predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors
predisposing factors
-their effects are present prior to the behaviour occurring
ex. knowledge, values, confidence, self-efficacy, beliefs, attitudes, demographic factors
enabling factor
-a barrier or an opportunity that makes it easier or harder for a person to change
-includes policies, laws, availability of resources, skills, social support, cost of resources
reinforcing factors
-feedback, facilitating adherence (making sure people adhere to positive behaviour)
-includes praise, reward, reassurance, punishment, symptom relief
PRECEDE-PROCEED Phase 5
=intervention alignment and administrative/policy assessment
-identify the ‘best practices’ for designing the intervention
-determine if we have the capability/resources to do so
-deterimne which policies, laws can pos or neg affect
PROCEED phase 6
=implementation
-start the intervention according to PRECEDE
PROCEDE phase 7
=Process evaluation
-monitoring the implementation process, make sure the process is doing what we said we would
PROCEED Phase 8
=impact evaluation
-are people changing their behaviour? has environment changed in the way we predicted?
PROCEED phase 9
=outcome evaluation
-is physical health better? usually requires a longitudinal study
TARPARE (will be on exam)
T= total # of people in segment
AR= at risk
P= persuadability
A= accessibility
R= resources required
E= equity
