lecture 1 Flashcards
indigenous populations: health
–> social activism is directly linked to health promotion on different levels
–> social determinants and inequity
difference between public health, health promotion and population health
public health: delivering medical plans (COVID etc.)
health promotion: bringing up an issue
population health: epidemiology (studying the population; behaviour and outcome correlations)
upstream health promotion
changing policies and legislation
downstream health promotion
changing community practices and individual practices
the ottawa charter
-international agreement signed in ottawa
-goal= health for all by 2000
ottawa charter: red line
you have to have strong policy at the government level to start health promotion
ottawa charter: central circle (3)
- enable: advocate for change at political/social levels (equity)
- mediate barriers between paries
- advocate at a political/social level for change
ottawa charter: wings (3)
- create supportive environments
- reorient health services
- strengthen community action (this sticks out of the red line bc policy should be able to change based on community action)
equality
treating everyone exactly the same
equity
getting everyone up to the same level
are we focusing on equity or equality in health promotion?
equity
the medical model of health reinforces
dependency
health through prevention model
empowers the individual to take more responsibility for their own health
health promotion
focused on health and well-being of whole populations rather than prevention of specific diseases
ottowa charter: 5 sections
-building healthy public policy
-creating supportive environments
-reorienting health services
-developing personal skills
-strengthening community action
prerequisites for health
-peace
-shelter
-education
-food
-income
-stable ecosystem
-sustainable resources
-social justice, equity
why look at health model?
your definition/model of health influences
-your scope of health promotion
-the way you approach a health issue
social determinants of health
- who they are: age, sex, genetics
- what they do: smoking, exercise, alcohol, diet
- conditions that people are born, grow, live, work and age in: networks, socioeconomic cultural, environmental, health systems
the social determinants of health are shaped by
the unequal distribution of money, power and resources!!!
WHO social determinant framework
- structural determinants
- socioeconomic and political (policies, values etc.)
-socioeconomic position (gender, education, income, social class, job, ethnicity etc.) - intermediary determinants
(material, psychosocial, behaviour, biological)
WHO structural determinant framework; how are structural and intermediate determinants related?
social cohesion and social capital bridge them.
they describe the willingness of people living in a community to make sacrifices and cooperate for the benefit of the community
OTTAWA CHARTER
- Developing personal skills
- Supporting personal and social skills through providing information - Strengthening community action
- Empowerment of communities, building engagement, helping people make changes - Building healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments to make healthy choices easier
- Research to policy is important: evidence-based research makes policy better - Reorienting health services
- Supporting allied professions (ex. Kinesiologists, more natural medicine practices)
- More telehealth visits etc.
- Policy change: free birth control - Creating supportive environments
-radical inclusion and reciprocal maintenance
3 basic strategies Ottawa charter
i. ADVOCATE= advocacy for health makes conditions (political, social, economic, environmental) favourable
ii. ENABLE= focused on achieving EQUITY in health. Reducing differences in health status
iii. MEDIATE= different organizations, the government, etc. need to coordinate their action to make the most impact
