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Clin Path 2 - Unit 1 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

two different blood film techniques

A

wedge smear
coverslip smear

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2
Q

what kind of blood film technique

A

wedge smear

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3
Q

what kind of blood film technique

A

coverslip smear

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4
Q

when can a blood smear appear too thin

A

can occur with anemic patients

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5
Q

what can you do if a blood sample seems too thin

A

increase the angle to 45-60 degrees

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6
Q

when can a blood smear appear too thick

A

can occur with dehydrated patients

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7
Q

what can you do if a blood sample seems too thick

A

decrease the angle to 20 degrees

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8
Q

another reason why smears can be really thick and take up the entire slide

A

you are probably using too much blood

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9
Q

two kinds of Romanowsky stains

A

Wright stain
Wright-Giemsa stain

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10
Q

what are the three steps of the Diff Quik process

A

Fixative
Eosin
Methylene Blue

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11
Q

what makes up the Fixative in Diff Quik stain

A

95% menthanol

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12
Q

what step of the Diff Quik stain is buffered with an acidic pH

A

Eosin

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13
Q

which step of the Diff Quik stain:

stains basic components of the cell
hemoglobin and eosinophilic granules

A

Eosin

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14
Q

which step of the Diff Quik stain is buffered to alkaline pH

A

methylene blue

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15
Q

which step of the Diff Quik stain:

Stains the acidic components of the cell
Leukocyte nuclei

A

Methylene Blue

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16
Q

how long do you agitate the blood smear slide in each step of the Diff Quik

A

Fixative, 60 seconds
Eosin, 30 seconds
Methylene Blue, 30 seconds

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17
Q

Three regions of the blood smear

A

feathered edge
counting area
body

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18
Q

the area between the body and the feathered edge of a blood smear slide

A

counting area

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19
Q

what is another name for the counting area on a blood smear slide

A

monolayer

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20
Q

regions of blood smear - left to right

A

feathered edge > monolayer (counting area) > body

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21
Q

region on a blood smear:

This is where RBCs, WBCs, and platelets can be identified, and their morphology evaluated

A

monolayer (counting area)

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22
Q

Cell morphology should not be evaluated at this area of the blood smear

A

feathered edge

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23
Q

region on a blood smear:

It is thick and the cells are piled on each other
Difficult to identify and evaluate cells in this area

A

body area

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24
Q

area on blood smear

A

feathered edge

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25
Q

area on blood smear

A

monolayer (counting area)

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26
Q

area on blood smear

A

body area

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27
Q

what power is used to evaluate blood films

A

oil immersion 100x

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28
Q

what is central pallor on the RBC

A

the concave center of the blood cell

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29
Q

What species has the RBC morphology:

biconcave disc shape with an area of central pallor, have LARGEST diameter RBCs at 7μm (micrometer/micron)

A

canine

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30
Q

What species has the RBC morphology:

round with little to no area of pallor

A

feline

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31
Q

What species has the RBC morphology:

somewhere between dog and cat

A

equine

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32
Q

what kind of RBC morphology do birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish have

A

nucleated RBCs

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33
Q

what kind of RBC morphology do llamas and camelids have (sheep and goats maybe?)

A

elongated oval shaped RBCs

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34
Q

having red blood cells that are of different sizes

A

anisocytosis

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35
Q

red blood cells that are larger than normal

A

macrocytic

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36
Q

red blood cells that are smaller than normal

A

microcytic

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37
Q

what species is anisocytosis common in

A

cattle, certain dog breeds

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38
Q

species RBC

A

canine

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39
Q

species RBC

A

feline

40
Q

species RBC

A

equine

41
Q

species RBC

A

camelids

42
Q

species RBC

A

birds/reptiles

43
Q

WBC type

A

neutrophils

44
Q

WBC function:

Phagocytosis
defend the body against bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

45
Q

how many lobes are normal in neutrophils

A

3 to 5 lobes

46
Q

most abundant WBC in most mammals

A

neutrophils

47
Q

Immature neutrophils are called _______ due to the shape of their nuclei

A

bands

48
Q

what do increased numbers of band cells indicate

A

inflammation

49
Q

what is an increase in bands cells referred to as

A

left shift

50
Q

What kind of leukogram is a left shift

A

inflammatory leukogram

51
Q

part of the CBC that analyzes white blood cells

A

leukogram

52
Q

what kind of nucleus does a mature neutrophil have

A

segmented

53
Q

In neutrophils, ________ granules are typically NOT visible with Diff-quick stain

A

cytoplasmic

54
Q

top and bottom WBCs

A

Top: band neutrophil
Bottom: segmented (hyper segmented) neutrophil

55
Q

elevated neutrophil count

A

neutrophilia

56
Q

decreased neutrophil count

A

neutropenia

57
Q

four neutrophil pools

A

Proliferation Pool
Maturation/Storage Pool
Circulating Pool
Marginate Pool

58
Q

where is the proliferation pool

A

bone marrow

59
Q

where is the maturation/storage pool

A

bone marrow

60
Q

where is the circulating pool

A

blood vessels

61
Q

where is the marginate pool

A

blood vessels

62
Q

neutrophil pool:

Contains immature cells that can still divide

A

proliferation pool

63
Q

neutrophil pool:

Contains post-division neutrophils

Provides quick, ready-to-use storage

A

maturation/storage pool

64
Q

neutrophil pool:

This is what is supposed to be in the blood stream

Mature neutrophils

A

circulating pool

65
Q

neutrophil pool:

These are technically not in circulation

They attach to and migrate through the endothelium

They enter tissues when needed

A

marginate pool

66
Q

three things that cause neutrophils to move around between pools -

This means that if you see a pet with a high neutrophil count, it is due to one of these three things.

A

stress
excitement
inflammation

67
Q

left and right WBC

A

Left: Band Cell - immature neutrophil
Right: Mature segmented neutrophil

68
Q
A

Heterophil - similar to neutrophils but found in birds, reptiles and some fish

69
Q

what color do eosinophilic granules stain

A

red

70
Q

WBC usually present in low numbers.

Can Phagocytose
Allergies and Parasites

A

Eosinophil

71
Q
A

eosinophils

72
Q

what color do basophil granules stain

A

purple

73
Q

WBC that is fairly rare in a healthy blood sample

Increased numbers indicate inflammation or infectious conditions

Function in mediation of the immune system

A

basophils

74
Q
A

basophils

75
Q

what is the most abundant WBC in ruminants

A

lymphocytes

76
Q

where are lymphocytes produced

A

thymus

77
Q

WBC:

Major function – production of antibodies, Functions in acquired immunity (memory)

A

lymphocytes

78
Q

what do increased numbers of lymphocytes indicate

A

viral infection

79
Q
A

lymphocytes

80
Q

largest WBC

A

monocytes

81
Q

WBC:

Major function is phagocytosis
Tissue repair
Immune response
Recycle RBCs

A

monocytes

82
Q

what can increased numbers of monocytes indicate

A

chronic infection, inflammation or stress

83
Q
A

monocytes

84
Q

normal canine range for WBC estimate

A

6,000 - 17,000/uL

85
Q

normal feline range for WBC estimate

A

5,500-19,500/uL

86
Q

formula to figure corrected WBC count in anemic canine patient

A

Corrected count = Estimated count x PCV/45 dogs

PCV = Packed Cell Volume

87
Q

formula to figure corrected WBC count in anemic feline patient

A

Corrected count = Estimated count x PCV/35 cats

PCV = Packed Cell Volume

88
Q

how many WBCs are counted and classified with the manual cell counter

A

100

89
Q

nonnucleated fragments of cytoplasm released from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

A

platelets

90
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

clot formation

91
Q

increased platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

92
Q

decreased platelet count

A

Thrombocytopenia

93
Q

canine normal range for platelets

A

220,000-550,000/µL

94
Q

feline normal range for platelets

A

300,000-500,000/µL

95
Q

T or F:

Platelet clumping is common in mammals

A

True

Clin Path 2 - Unit 1 (13 decks)

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