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Test 2 FTM > lecture 41 > Flashcards

lecture 41 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of disorders that can be treated with adrenergic agonists and antagonists?

A
  1. hypertension
  2. angina
  3. heart failure
  4. arrhythemia
  5. asthma
  6. migraine
  7. anaphylactic reactions
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2
Q

what body hormone has little affect on B2 receptors?

A

Norepinephrine has little effect on beta2 receptors,
therefore it cannot cause bronchodilation, because
receptors in bronchial smooth muscle are beta2

on the other hand, epinephrine is a potent bronchodilator

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3
Q

What receptors are abundant in skin blood vessels

A

alpha 1 receptors

norepinephrine and epinephrine cause constriction of such vessels.

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4
Q

what receptors are found in the smooth muscle of blood vessels in skeletal muscle

A

both alpha 1 and and beta 2

Activation of beta2 receptors causes vasodilation.
Activation of alpha1 receptors causes vasoconstriction

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5
Q

What does a low dose of epinephrine do?

A

vasodilation

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6
Q

what does a high dose of epinephrine do?

A

vasoconstriction

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7
Q

what are the three types of adrenergic agonists?

A
  1. direct acting
  2. indirect acting
  3. mixed
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8
Q

What are the three types of direct acting adrenergic agonists?

A
  1. endogenous catecholamines
  2. Beta adrenergic
  3. alpha adrenergic
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9
Q

what are the three endogenous catecholamines?

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
  3. dopamine
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10
Q

what are the effects of epinephrine?

A

acts as a hormone

Increases heart rate and contractile force (beta 1 effect).

Cardiac output increases: oxygen demand of the
myocardium increases.

Increases renin release (beta 1 effect).

Constricts arterioles in skin and viscera (alpha 1 effect).

Dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscle (beta 2 effect).

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2 effect).

Increases liver glycogenolysis (beta 2 effect).

Increases lipolysis (alpha 1 and beta 2 effect).

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11
Q

How does a large dose of epinephrine have on blood pressure?

A

blood pressure is increased

  1. increased venticular contraction
  2. increased heart rate
  3. vasoconstriction
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12
Q

How does a small dose of epinephrine have on blood pressure?

A
  1. peripheral resistance decreases
  2. systolic pressure decreases
  3. heart rate increases

no mean increase in bp

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13
Q

What are the uses of epinephrine?

A
  1. anaphylactic shock
  2. acute asthmatic attack
  3. cardiac arrest
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14
Q

norepinephrine is an an agonist at what receptors?

A

alpha 1 +2 and beta 1

little effect on beta 2

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15
Q

effects of norepinephrine?

A

Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (α1 effect).

Increases cardiac contractility (β1 effect).

Systemic administration of norepinephrine
increases peripheral vascular resistance, systolic
blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

The increase in blood pressure stimulates
baroreceptors leading to reflex bradycardia.

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16
Q

what is use for norepinephrine?

A

to treat shock

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17
Q

what is the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure?

A

stimulates the parasympathetic activity and inhibits the sympathetic activity

decrease heart rate and decrease force of contraction

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18
Q

what is the baroreceptors response to decreased blood pressure?

A

inhibits parasympathetic and activates sympathetic

increased heart rate and increased force of contraction

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19
Q

isoproterenol

A

non selective beta 1 and 2 adrenergic agonist

20
Q

the use of isoproterenol?

A

Isoproterenol may be used in emergencies to
stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia
or heart block.

21
Q

Dobutamine

A

beta 1 selective adrenergic agonist

given by IV

22
Q

uses for dobutamine?

A

Management of acute heart failure.

Management of cardiogenic shock.

23
Q

albuterol

A

beta 2 adrenergic agonist

24
Q

uses for albuterol

A

Causes bronchodilation (beta 2 effect).

Used in asthma.

DOC for acute asthma attacks

25
Q

what is phenylephrine and what is it used for?

A

alpha 1 selective adrenergic agonist
causes vasoconstriction

use:
Nasal decongestant. Given orally or topically.
Mydriatic.

26
Q

What is clonidine and what is it used for?

A

partial alpha 2 adrenergic selective agonist

centrally acting anti-hypertensive

27
Q

What are the two indirect acting adrenergic agonists (releasing agents)?

A
  1. amphetamine

2. tyramine

28
Q

What is amphetamine and what is it used for?

A

Has central stimulatory action.

Can increase blood pressure by alpha-agonist action
on vasculature as well as beta-stimulatory effects
on heart.

USES
• ADHD
• Narcolepsy

29
Q

Where is tyramine found?

A

found in fermented foods such as cheese and wine

MAO inhibitor = antidepressant

30
Q

What is an uptake inhibitor (indirect acting adrenergic agonist)

A

cocaine

blocks the reuptake of monoamines

leads to monoamine accumulation in the synapse

31
Q

what are the two mixed acting adrenergic agonists?

A

ephedrine and pseudoephedrine

32
Q

What is ephedrine and what is it used for?

A

Not a catecholamine
poor substrate for COMT and MAO  long duration.
Penetrates the CNS.

USES
Used as a pressor agent, particularly during
spinal anesthesia.

33
Q

What is pseudoephedrine used for?

A

decongestant

34
Q

What are the three types of adrenergic antagonists?

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. partial
35
Q

what are the two kinds of alpha adrenergic antagonists?

A
  1. non-selective alpha

2. alpha 1 selective

36
Q

what are the two kinds of beta adrenergic antagonists?

A
  1. nonselective beta

2. beta 1 selective

37
Q

What are two non-selective alpha adrenergic blockers?

A
  1. phenoxybenzamine

2. phentolamine

38
Q

what is phenoxybenzamine and what is it used for?

A

Irreversible antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors.
Unsuccessful for hypertension.

USES
Used in Pheochromocytoma: Prior to surgical
removal of the tumor.

39
Q

what is phentolamine and what is it used for?

A

Reversibly antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors.

USES
Pheochromocytoma: control of hypertension during preoperative preparation and surgical excision.

Hypertensive crisis due to stimulant drug overdose

40
Q

what is prazosin and what is its uses?

A

selective blocker of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
lowers blood pressure

uses:
used for the treatment of hypertension BUT is not the drug of choice

BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia
DOC for symptom relief
improve urinary flow

41
Q

what are the effects of beta blockers?

A

Slow heart rate and decrease myocardial contractility (b1 effect).

Blockade of b2 receptors in the lungs can cause respiratory crisis in patients with COPD or asthma.

lower Glycogenolysis (b2 effect)

lower Glucagon secretion (b2 effect)

42
Q

What are the uses of adrenergic beta blockers

A 
Hypertension
Stable Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
Atrial Fibrillation
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
Migraine prophylaxis
Performance Anxiety (“Stage Fright”)
43
Q

atenolol description and uses?

A

beta 1 adrenergic blocker

Useful in hypertensive patients with impaired
pulmonary function.

Useful in diabetic hypertensive patients.

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of using adrenergic beta blockers?

A

bronchoconstriction

hypoglycemia

CNS:
sedation
dizziness
lethargy 
fatigue
45
Q

what is pindolol and what is it used for?

A

It is a partial beta agonist (adenergic)

May be preferred in individuals with diminished
cardiac reserve or a propensity to bradycardia.

Test 2 FTM (28 decks)

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