Lecture 36

Question 1

characteristics of the dura mater

Answer 1

most outer covering
dense connective tissue 
vascular 
in the cranium forms the dural venous sinuses
innervated

Question 2

characteristics of the arachnoid mater

Answer 2

Loose connective tissue
lined back to back by simple squamous epithelium
avascular
projects into the sinus to drain CSF into the blood stream

Question 3

Characteristics of the pia mater

Answer 3

vascular loose connective tissue
Lies directly on the brain and spinal cord
interacts with ependymal cells to form choroid plexus

Question 4

what kind of cells are found in the anterior gray horn?

Answer 4

alpha motor neurons cell bodies

Question 5

posterior grey horn?

Answer 5

central segment of sensory neurons

Question 6

lateral gray horn?

Answer 6

the cell bodies of visceral neurons

Question 7

grey commissure?

Answer 7

gray matter around a central canal

Question 8

What does the central canal contain?

Answer 8

CSF

Question 9

what do alpha motor neurons look like?

Answer 9

they are large cells with pale staining of large nuclei

have abundant nissl bodies

embedded in neuropil

Question 10

What is the neuropil?

Answer 10

meshwork of tissue in gray matter excluding the cell bodies

Comprised of- dendritic and axonal processes, and central glial cells

Question 11

What are the six layers of the cerebrum?

Answer 11

1. the molecular layer
2. external granular layer
3. external pyramidal cell layer
4. internal granular layer
5. ganglionic layer (internal pyramidal cells)
6. multiform cell layer (polymorphic)

Question 12

What are the three layers of the cerebellum?

Answer 12

1. molecular layer (stellate and basket cells)
2. purkinje cell layer (single layer of motor neurons)
3. granular layer (granule cells and type II golgi cells)

Question 13

What do granule cells do?

Answer 13

They carry excitatory signals to the cerebellum

Question 14

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 14

Invaginated folds of pia mater containing tufts of fenestrated capillaries covered by simple cuboidal ependymal cell in ventricles of the brain

Question 15

What makes up the BBB?

Answer 15

1. continuous capillaries with tight junctions
2. the foot processes of astrocytes (surround the capillaries and neurons
3. neuronal processes (mostly astrocytes)

Question 16

what the epineurium?

Answer 16

outer most tissue of a peripheral nerve

typically dense CT
carry blood to the nerves

Question 17

what is the perineurium?

Answer 17

surrounds the bundles of nerve fibers

cells joined by tight junction
has contractile properties

Question 18

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 18

associated with individual nerve fibers

Consists of thin layer of reticular fibers produced by the Schwann cells