Lecture 4 Tutoring PP: Nervous System, Spinal Cord Flashcards
Divisions of nervous system:
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Part 1:
- 1A:
- 1B:
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Part 2:
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2A:
- 2A. I:
- 2A. II:
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2B:
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2B. I:
- 2B. Ia:
- 2B. Ib:
- 2B. II:
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2B. I:
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2A:
Divisions of nervous system:
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Part 1: Central nervous system
- 1A: Brain
- 1B: Spinal Cord
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Part 2: Peripheral nervous system
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2A: Sensory Division
- 2A. I: Visceral sensory division (autonomic)
- 2A. II: Somatic sensory division
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2B: Motor Division
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2B. I: Visceral motor division (autonomic)
- 2B. Ia: Sympathetic division
- 2B. Ib: Parasympathetic division
- 2B. II: Somatic motor division
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2B. I: Visceral motor division (autonomic)
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2A: Sensory Division
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Spinal Cord: (green)
- A =
- B =
- C =
- D =
- E =
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Spinal Meninges: (pink)
- A =
- B =
- C =
- D =
- E =
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Other: (orange)
- A =
- B =
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Spinal Cord: (green)
- A = Gray Matter
- B = White Matter
- C = Posterior Median Sulcus
- D = Central Canal
- E = Anterior Median Fissure
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Spinal Meninges: (pink)
- A = Pia mater (inner)
- B = Arachnoid mater (middle)
- C = Dura mater (outer)
- D = Subarachnoid space (below arachnoid)
- E = Subdural space (below dura)
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Other: (orange)
- A = Spinal nerve
- B = Denticulate ligament
End of Spinal Cord
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Conus Medullaris (tapered end)
- In adults, ends at what level?
- In newborns, ends higher or lower?
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Cauda Equina (horse’s tail)
- What is it formed by?
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Filum terminale
- Where does this attach?
End of Spinal Cord
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Conus Medullaris (tapered end)
- In adults, ends at what level? L1/2
- In newborns, ends higher or lower? Lower
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Cauda Equina (horse’s tail)
- What is it formed by? formed by spinal nerve roots from lumbosacral enlargements
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Filum terminale
- Where does this attach? Coccygeal ligament
Spinal cord:
- In _____ canal
- Continuous with _____
- Enlargements:
- ______
- ______
Spinal cord:
- In vertebral canal
- Continuous with medulla oblongata (brainstem)
- Enlargements:
- Cervical (C4-T1)
- Lumbosacral (lumbar) (L1-S3)
Anatomical & Functional Division of Spinal Cord
- Sensory =
- ______ horn, roots, rootlets
- Motor =
- _____ horn, roots, rootlets
Anatomical & Functional Division of Spinal Cord
- Sensory =
- dorsal (posterior) horn, roots, rootlets
- Motor =
- ventral (anterior) horn, roots, rootlets
Spinal nerve is a “mixed” nerve
- Sensory (afferent) component via _____ root
- Sensation from _____
- Cell bodies in _____
- Motor (efferent) component via _____ root
- Cell bodies in _____ of spinal cord
Spinal nerve is a “mixed” nerve
- Sensory (afferent) component via dorsal root
- Sensation from body
- Cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
- Motor (efferent) component via ventral root
- Cell bodies in ventral horn (gray matter) of spinal cord
Spinal (Peripheral) Nerves
- Exit vertebral column through _____
-
____ #pairs (one on each side of the body) attached to spinal cord
- _# Cervical
- _# Thoracic
- _# Lumbar
- _# Sacral
- _# Coccygeal
•Motor and/or sensory supply to _____
Spinal (Peripheral) Nerves
- Exit vertebral column through intervertebral foramina
-
31 pairs (one on each side of the body) attached to spinal cord
- 8 Cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacral
- 1 Coccygeal
•Motor and/or sensory supply to effectors (e.g., muscle, skin)
Four Somatic Nerve Plexuses:
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Nerve Plexuses: Network of ______
- 2 types:
- Somatic plexus are formed by: ______
- _____ plexus (from vertebral levels __-__ )
- _____ plexus (from vertebral levels __-__ )
- _____ plexus (from vertebral levels __-__ )
- _____ plexus (from vertebral levels __-__ )
-
Thoracic ventral rami do not join a plexus…then what?
- They form _____
Four Somatic Nerve Plexuses:
-
Nerve Plexuses: Network of nerves
- Somatic or Visceral**
- Somatic plexus are formed by: ventral rami
- Cervical plexus (C1-C4)
- Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
- Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
- Lumbosacral plexus (L4-S1)
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Thoracic ventral rami do not join a plexus…then what?
- They form intercostal nerves
- spinal nerves are named according to ______
- first 7 cervical spinal nerves exit _____ vertebrae for which they are named
- first thoracic spinal nerve and lower exit ____ vertebrae for which they are named
- C8 spinal nerve exits through _____ between ___ and ___
- spinal nerves are named according to the vertebra to which they are related to as they exit (intervertebral foramen)
- first 7 cervical spinal nerves exit ABOVE vertebrae for which they are named
- first thoracic spinal nerve and lower exit BELOW vertebrae for which they are named
- C8 spinal nerve exits through intervertebral foramen between C7 and T1
Question 1: A 45-year-old woman states that she has experienced moderate pain for 2 years over her left lower back, pain that radiates to her left lower limb. She states that after lifting a case of soft drinks, the pain became intense. She was admitted to the emergency department. Radiographic examination revealed disk herniation between vertebral levels L4 and L5. Which of the following nerves was most likely affected by the disk herniation?
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
Question 1: A 45-year-old woman states that she has experienced moderate pain for 2 years over her left lower back, pain that radiates to her left lower limb. She states that after lifting a case of soft drinks, the pain became intense. She was admitted to the emergency department. Radiographic examination revealed disk herniation between vertebral levels L4 and L5. Which of the following nerves was most likely affected by the disk herniation?
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
- Even though the L4 spinal nerve root lies directly between the L4 and L5 vertebrae, it exits from the spinal canal superior to the intervertebral disk, whereas the L5 spinal nerve root lies directly posterior to the disk.
Question 2: A 15-year-old female was suspected to have meningitis. To obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by spinal tap in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture), the tip of the needle must be placed in which of the following locations?
A. In the epidural space
B. Between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
C. Superficial to the ligamentum flavum
D. Between arachnoid mater and dura mater
E. In the subarachnoid space
Question 2: A 15-year-old female was suspected to have meningitis. To obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by spinal tap in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture), the tip of the needle must be placed in which of the following locations?
A. In the epidural space
B. Between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
C. Superficial to the ligamentum flavum
D. Between arachnoid mater and dura mater
E. In the subarachnoid space
- Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the subarachnoid space and is continuous with the ventricles of the brain
