Lecture 4 - Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

Question 1

what are different ways to map the brain?

Answer 1

lesion method, EEG, PET scan, MRI, fMRI

Question 2

lesion method

Answer 2

damaging or removing sections of the brain

Question 3

electroencephalogram (EEG).

Answer 3

detect electrical activity of neurons in particular regions of brain

Question 4

Position Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

Answer 4

records biochemical changes in brain as they are happening in different locations

Question 5

MRI

Answer 5

Uses magnetic field to show picture of soft tissues

Question 6

functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining (fMRI)

Answer 6

measures relative activity of various brain area during tasks

Question 7

what is the structure of the brain?

Answer 7

the older brain structures, cerebral cortex, and limbic system

Question 8

brainstem

Answer 8

controls involuntary (i.e. heart beating) behaviors and primitive (breathing) behaviors under voluntary control

Question 9

what makes up the brainstem?

Answer 9

medulla and pons

Question 10

medulla

Answer 10

controls bodily functions that do not have to be consciously willed

Question 11

what is essential for survival?

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

pons

Answer 12

regulates sleep and arousal: coordinates movements from left and right side of the body

Question 13

thalamus

Answer 13

relay station

directs incoming info from sense receptors to cerebral cortex

Question 14

reticular formation

Answer 14

controls arousal (sleep, wake); selective attention

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

concerned primarily with coordination of movement

balance, muscle coordination

memory of simple skills, language, planning, reasoning

Question 16

limbic system

Answer 16

emotions, memory, additional control over instinctive behaviors

Question 17

amygdala

Answer 17

emotions (aggression/fear)

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

maintains internal balance

regulates eating, drinking, sexual behavior, body temp, “biological clock”

regulates endocrine activity

Question 19

hippocampus

Answer 19

“gateway to memory”

forms new memories about facts and events

Question 20

what is the cerebral cortex

Answer 20

higher forms of thinking

Question 21

what are the two parts of the cerebral cortex

Answer 21

two hemispheres (left and right)

Question 22

name the lobes on the hemispheres

Answer 22

occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal

Question 23

frontal lobe

Answer 23

at front of brain and planning, creative thinking, personality

contains motor cortex

Question 24

motor cortex

Answer 24

voluntary movement