Adolescence and Adulthood

Question 1

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Answer 1

Cognitive capabilities determine evolution of moral reasoning

morals goes hand in hand with cognitive development

Question 2

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 1)

Answer 2

• Preconventional morality (ages 4-10)
• Avoid punishment or gain reward
• external consequence

Question 3

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 2)

Answer 3

• Conventional morality (after age 10)
• “Good boy” morality
• “Law and order”
• following someone else’s rules they decided on

Question 4

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 3)

Answer 4

• Postconventional morality
• Individual principles and conscience
• internal sense of morality
• not everyone enters this stage

Question 5

Heinz dilemma:

Answer 5

Heinz needs a particular expensive drug to help his dying wife. The pharmacist who discovered and controls the supply of the drug has refused Heinz’s offer to give him all the money he now has, which would be about half the necessary sum, and to pay the rest later. Heinz must now decide whether or not to steal the drug to save his wife; that is, whether to obey the rules and laws of society or to violate them to respond to the needs of his wife. What should Heinz do, and why?

Question 6

What is Erik Erikson’s stage theory of social development?

Identity vs. confusion) (5th stage

Answer 6

• Stable sense of who one is and what one’s values are or identity confusion

Question 7

Identity

Answer 7

Who am I? Where do I belong?

Question 8

Ethnic identity

Answer 8

• close identification with one’s religious or ethnic group

- How Trinidadian/Puerto Rican do I feel?

Question 9

Acculturation

Answer 9

• identification with the dominant culture

- How American do I feel?

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

• weak feelings of ethnic identity, strong feelings of acculturation
• I don’t feel Trinidadian/Puerto Rican, but I feel American.

Question 11

Separatist

Answer 11

• strong feelings of ethnic identity, weak feelings of acculturation
• I feel Trinidadian/Puerto Rican, but I don’t feel American

Question 12

Marginal

Answer 12

• weak feelings of ethnic identity, weak feelings of acculturation
• I feel out of place everywhere

Question 13

Bicultural

Answer 13

• strong feelings of ethnic identity, strong feelings of acculturation
• I feel Trinidadian AND American
• frame switching: the ability to switch cultures back and forth (My Trinidad-born brother can switch dialects easily, depending on whether he is talking to his family members or wife)

Question 14

Intimacy vs. isolation (early adulthood)

Answer 14

• Establish enduring, committed friendships and relationships
• Stage VI (may be delayed)

Question 15

Generativity vs. stagnation (midlife)

Answer 15

Generativity – generate things that can outlive the self and ensure society’s continuity (Taking care of society)

Stagnation – see life as meaningless

Stage VII

Question 16

Integrity vs. despair (late life)

Answer 16

looking back on life

Ego integrity – feel that their lives have consistency, coherence, and purpose

Despair – disappointment

Stage VIII

Question 17

Factors associated with life satisfaction among people aged 65-72:

Answer 17

• Close relationships, active social life, good health, sufficient income
• High cognitive and physical functioning, active engagement in productive activity

Question 18

Are older adults dissatisfied with life?

Answer 18

• Older adults – express less anxiety about or fear of death than middle-aged adults
• Children are grown and independent
• Socialized to possibility of death