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Botany and Soils > Lecture 4: Tissues (II) > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Tissues (II) Flashcards

1
Q

Draw a root tip, showing the root cap and three zones.

A

Draw on a piece of paper

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2
Q

Draw a cross-section of a dicot root, showing the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem and phloem.

A

Draw on a piece of paper

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3
Q

Draw a cross section of a herbaceous dicot stem, showing the epidermis, cortex, pith, bundle cap, xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium.

A

Draw on a piece of paper

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4
Q

Draw a cross section of a woody stem, showing the bark, (cork, cork cambium, cortex, phloem), vascular cambium, xylem and pith.

A

Draw on a piece of paper

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5
Q

Draw a cross section of a leaf, showing the upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem and phloem.

A

Draw on a piece of paper.

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6
Q

What are the 3 zones on a longitudinal cross of a root tip?

A

Zone of cell division
Zone of cell elongation
Zone of maturation

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7
Q

What does the root cap do?

A

Protect the apical meristem

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8
Q

What does the zone of cell division do?

A

The apical meristems multiply to elongate the stem

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9
Q

What does the zone of cell elongation do?

A

Vacuoles fill with water and the cells stretch and lengthen.

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10
Q

What does the zone of maturation do?

A

Cells differentiate (specialise) and form tissues.

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11
Q

What tissues are formed at the zone of maturation of a root tip?

A

Xylem and phloem.

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12
Q

What also grows from the epidermis of a root tip?

A

Root hairs.

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13
Q

What are the four parts of a dicot root cross section?

A

Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Vascular cylinder

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14
Q

What does the epidermis of a dicot root do?

A

Outer layer of the root involved in the absorption of water and minerals.

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15
Q

What does the cortex of a dicot root cross section do?

A

A big section of the root that stores starch

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16
Q

What is located in the innermost layer of the cortical cell?

A

Endodermis

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17
Q

What does the endodermis of dicot roots do?

A

Allows water and nutrients to pass through endodermal cells to enter the vascular cylinder.

An inner layer of cells in the cortex of a root and some stems, surrounding a vascular bundle.

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18
Q

Where is the Casparian strip located?

A

Lies around the endodermal cells

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19
Q

What does the Casparian strip in the dicot root do?

A

Prevents passage between dermal cells and is waterproof

20
Q

What is the vascular cylinder and what does it do?

A

Vascular cylinders are the core of plant stems and roots. They have the crucial job of ensuring that key nutrients, water, and other substances are transported throughout the plant.

Xylem and phloem are found inside.

21
Q

What is a pericycle in dicot roots?

A

Type of meristem that produces lateral roots inside the endodermis.

22
Q

What is the epidermis in herbaceous dicot stems?

A

Outermost layer of cells providing protection for the interior of the stem

23
Q

What is the cortex of herbaceous dicot stems?

A

Small layer of cells under the epidermis which add strength to the stem.

24
Q

What may exist in the cortex of herbaceous dicot cells?

A

Chloroplast

25
Q

What is the pith of herbaceous dicot stems?

A

Centre of the stem

26
Q

What is a vascular bundle in dicot stem cross section?

A

It forms the circle pattern in the dicot stem and contains both xylem and phloem tissues (transports food and nutrients)

27
Q

What is the bundle cap in herbaceous dicot stems?

A

It provides support to the stem and is comprised of sclerenchyma cells which form fibres and provides support

28
Q

Where is the vascular cambium located in herbaceous dicot stems?

A

Between the xylem and phloem

29
Q

What does the vascular cambium do in woody stems?

A

Produces new xylem on the inside and new phloem on the outside and is found in between the xylem and phloem

30
Q

What are the bark layers? How are they layered? List it from inside to the outermost layer.

A
  1. Phloem
  2. Cortex
  3. Cork cambium
  4. Cork
31
Q

Where is the xylem located inside a woody stem?

A

Inside the vascular cambium

32
Q

Why are larger xylem cells produced in the Spring for woody stems?

A

More water is needed

33
Q

Why are smaller xylem cells produced in the summer?

A

Less water is needed

34
Q

What does the upper epidermis of a leaf do?

A

Provides protection to the leaf

35
Q

What does the cuticle on a leaf do?

A

Waxy surface that helps reduce water loss

36
Q

What does the lower epidermis do in leaf cells?

A

Porous surface that contains stomata

37
Q

What do the stomata do?

A

Allows carbon dioxide in and oxygen out during photosynthesis

38
Q

Where are guard cells located?

A

Located on both sides of one stoma

39
Q

What do guard cells in leaves do?

A

Regulate how many stomata exist

40
Q

What is a palisade mesophyll?

A

Closely packed elongated parenchyma cells that conduct photosynthesis

41
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

Loosely packed parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces for gases to move in and allow for air to pass through the stomata. Helps with photosynthesis

42
Q

What are vascular bundles in leaves?

A

Veins in a leaf that contain xylem on the upper half, and phloem on the lower half

43
Q

Where are bundle sheath cells located in leaves?

A

Surrounding the xylem in leaves

44
Q

What do bundle sheath cells do?

A

Hold the xylem and phloem together in leaf cells.

45
Q

What is the difference between the cortex in root cells, and cortex in herbaceous stems cells?

A

Cortex in roots store starch.

Cortex in herbaceous stems help strength the stem.

46
Q

What is the difference between the epidermis in root cells and the epidermis in herbaceous stem cells?

A

The epidermis in root cells help with the absorption of water and nutrients.

The epidermis in herbaceous stems provide protection to the stem’s interior.

Botany and Soils (16 decks)

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