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Botany and Soils > Lecture 2: Plant Life Cycles and External Morphology > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Plant Life Cycles and External Morphology Flashcards

Plant Life Cycles and External Morphology

1
Q

What is botany?

A

Branch of biology that involves the study of plants

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2
Q

What is an annual?

A

Herbaceous plants that complete their life cycle in one year or less

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3
Q

What is a biennial?

A

Herbaceous plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons with the flowering season in one season, and seed production in the second season

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4
Q

What is a perennial?

A

Grow for more than two growing seasons

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5
Q

What is an evergreen?

A

Does not lose leaves in the Winter

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6
Q

What is a deciduous tree?

A

Loses leaves in the Winter

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7
Q

What is a herb?

A

Plant that doesn’t produce wood and dies to the ground during Winter

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8
Q

What is a shrub?

A

Short ish woody plant with many upright stems

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9
Q

What is a tree?

A

Tall woody plant with one upright central stem

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10
Q

What is a vine?

A

Trailing plants that can climb up a vertical support

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11
Q

What is woody vine or stem called?

A

Liana

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12
Q

What is an apical bud?

A

Located at stem’s growing tip

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13
Q

What is another term for the apical bud?

A

Terminal bud

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14
Q

What is an axillary bud?

A

Found at the junction of leaf and stem and can potentially become a branch

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15
Q

What is apical dominance?

A

Prevention of the growth of axillary buds through auxin produced in the apical bud

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16
Q

What happens when you remove the apical bud?

A

Bushy plants

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17
Q

What is the hormone produced in apical dominance?

A

Auxin

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18
Q

What is a node?

A

Region of the stem where leaves and bud attach

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19
Q

What is an internode?

A

Part of the stem between two consecutive nodes

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20
Q

What is a leaf scar?

A

Mark on the stem after a leaf falls

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21
Q

What happens to a branch when new growth begins in Spring after Winter?

A

Scales fall off the apical bud and bud scale scars (growth rings) appear

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22
Q

What is a pith?

A

Region in the centre of stems made of loosely packed, thin-walled cells

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23
Q

What is a lenticel?

A

Pores in the bark which allows for the passage of gas

24
Q

What is the difference between a rhizome and a stolon?

A

A stolon is an aboveground ground stem that can produce roots and shoots at its node while a rhizome is a belowground stem that also can produce roots and shoots at its nodes.

25
Q

What are the differences between a tuber and a bulb?

A

Both are used for food storage and are underground stems. However, bulbs are densely packed stems with food storage leaves while tubers are swollen tips of rhizomes with axillary buds (eyes)

26
Q

What is the difference between a prickle and a thorn?

A

Thorns are stems that grow at branch tips or nodes and are difficult to remove. Prickles are outgrowths on the epidermis which are easy to remove.

27
Q

What are the three functions of the root system?

A
  • Anchoring and supporting the plant
  • Absorbing and transporting water and minerals
  • Food storage
28
Q

What is root hair and what does it do?

A

Tiny little hairs on roots which increase nutrient and water absorption for a plant. They help increase the surface area of a root system.

29
Q

What is a taproot?

A

Elongated, vertical, sparsely branched, deep growing primary root

30
Q

What is the primary usage of a taproot?

A

Food storage. If the above-ground parts of the plant die in the winter, food from the root can be used to produce new stems and leaves in the Spring.

31
Q

What is a fibrous root?

A

Several thin roots branching out in multiple directions (grasses etc.)

32
Q

What are adventitious roots?

A

Roots growing from the stem at or above the soil level

33
Q

What are aerial roots?

A

Adventitious root that passes through the air and may be used for support or attachment

34
Q

What is an example of an adventitious root?

A

Corn roots

35
Q

What is an example of an aerial root?

A

Orchid aerial roots

36
Q

What is a petiole?

A

Leaf stalk

37
Q

What is a blade?

A

Flat expanded portion of the leaf

38
Q

What is a stipule?

A

Outgrowth from the petiole, may be flared, flat, or scale like

39
Q

What does sessile mean?

A

A leaf with no petiole (leaf stalk)

40
Q

What are tendrils?

A

Used to climb structures (like peavine! or grapes!)

41
Q

What is a spine?

A

Spikey boys coming out of a leaf used by plants to defend themselves. Think cacti!

42
Q

Do spikes carry out photosynthesis?

A

NO!

43
Q

Why is botany important?

A

It helps us learn about plants and about the secret sauce to keep them alive!

44
Q

What is an alternate leaf arrangement?

A

1 leaf per node

45
Q

What is an opposite leaf arrangement?

A

2 leaves per node

46
Q

What is a whorled leaf arrangement?

A

3 leaves or more per node (think umbrella plant)

47
Q

What is a fascicled leaf arrangement?

A

Leaves arranged in bundles (think pine trees and how pines are bundled)

48
Q

What is a simple leaf type?

A

Leaf that does not separate into leaflets. Just one leaf.

49
Q

What is a compound leaf type?

A

Leaf that separates into leaflets.

50
Q

What is a pinnately compound leaf type?

A

Leaflet arranged on both sides of a common axis

51
Q

What is a bipinnately compound leaf?

A

Leaflet arranged on two different axes.

52
Q

What is a palmately compound leaf?

A

Compound leaf resembling palm of the hand (such as a Money tree leaf!)

53
Q

What is a pinnate venation?

A

One main vein, with secondary veins coming out of the main vein (think regular leaves that I would draw)

54
Q

What is a palmate venation?

A

Main veins radiating from the base of the blade (maple leaf)

55
Q

What is a parallel venation?

A

Veins are parallel to each other (day lily leaves)

56
Q

What is a dichotomous venation?

A

Veins fork by twos extending from a common point forming a “y” pattern fanning out

Botany and Soils (16 decks)

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