Lecture 3: Tissues (I)

Question 1

What is plant tissue?

Answer 1

Collection of cells of similar structure that together serve a certain function.

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

If you bunch together a collection of tissues, it becomes an organ

Question 3

What is a meristematic tissue?

Answer 3

Cell division and undifferentiated cells (like stem cells) grow

Question 4

What is permanent tissue?

Answer 4

No cell division/growth but the cells are differentiated.

Question 5

What is indeterminate growth?

Answer 5

Flower clusters appear in leaf axils where the shoot elongates until the plant dies.

Question 6

What is determinate growth?

Answer 6

Shoot elongates for a certain period of time until the flower clusters appear at the tip and the plant does not grow anymore, then the plant eventually dies.

Question 7

What is primary growth?

Answer 7

The lengthening of stems, branches and roots caused by the apical meristem.

Question 8

Where is the apical meristem located?

Answer 8

Located at the tips of stems, branches and roots.

Question 9

What does the apical meristem do?

Answer 9

Responsible for primary growth.

Question 10

Where is the intercalary meristem located?

Answer 10

Near leaf base of monocots.

Question 11

What is an example of an intercalary meristem?

Answer 11

Grass.

Question 12

What does the intercalary meristem do?

Answer 12

Allows the stem to elongate.

Question 13

What is the secondary growth?

Answer 13

Increase in thickness of stem and roots caused by lateral meristems.

Question 14

What is the lateral meristem?

Answer 14

Cylinder-shaped meristems located in the stems or roots of some plants.

Question 15

What does the vascular cambium do?

Answer 15

Produces cells on the inside of a stem that make up the secondary xylem (such as wood).

Responsible for secondary growth.

Question 16

Where is the primary phloem located?

Answer 16

Outer side of the vascular cambium.

Question 17

Where is the primary xylem located?

Answer 17

Inner side of vascular cambium.

Question 18

What does cork cambium do?

Answer 18

It produces cork; which is the outermost layer of bark.

Question 19

What are simple tissues?

Answer 19

Consist of only one type of cell.

Question 20

What are complex tissues?

Answer 20

Consist of different types of cells.

Question 21

What are the 5 simple tissues?

Answer 21

Epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, and cork.

Question 22

What are the two complex tissues?

Answer 22

Xylem and phloem.

Question 23

What is the epidermis?

Answer 23

A single layer of cells on the outside that protects the plant organs.

Question 24

What is the cuticle?

Answer 24

A waxy material lying on the surface that reduces water loss.

Question 25

What is the parenchyma?

Answer 25

Composed of thin walled cells in all plants that help with storage, wound healing and photosynthesis.

Question 26

What is the sclerenchyma?

Answer 26

It's made up of dead cells with thick walls. It is very high in lignin to provide the cell with strength and support. It appears as fibres of sclereids.

Question 27

What is the collenchyma?

Answer 27

It is made up of living cells that have unevenly thick walls. It is high in cellulose and provides support to the young parts of the plant (stems/petioles/leaf veins).

Question 28

Where is cork found?

Answer 28

In bark.

Question 29

What is cork?

Answer 29

Mature cells are dead with cell walls containing suberin which repels water. It prevents water loss and damage.

Question 30

What does the xylem do?

Answer 30

Transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Question 31

What are xylem cells made of?

Answer 31

Vessel elements (which are short and thick) and tracheids (long and narrow).

Question 32

What does the phloem do?

Answer 32

Transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plants.

Question 33

What is phloem made of?

Answer 33

Companion cells, and food conducting cells (long and narrow).

Question 34

What do food conducting cells do?

Answer 34

The food conducting cells connect to form sieve tubes and porous sieve plates found at the ends of the cells.

Question 35

What do the companion cells do?

Answer 35

They accompany food conducting cells and support the food conducting cells.

Question 36

What are the two types of tissues?

Answer 36

Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues

Question 37

What are the two types of growth in meristematic tissues?

Answer 37

Primary and secondary growth.

Question 38

What are the two meristems that increase the length of a plant?

Answer 38

Apical meristem and intercalary meristem.

Question 39

What meristem increases the thickness of a stem?

Answer 39

Lateral meristems

Question 40

What are the two meristems that cause lateral growth?

Answer 40

Vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 41

What does vascular cambium produce?

Answer 41

Primary phloem and primary xylem

Question 42

What does cork cambium produce?

Answer 42

Outermost layer of bark

Question 43

What are the two types of permanent tissue?

Answer 43

Simple and complex tissue

Question 44

What are the 5 simple tissues?

Answer 44

Epidermis Parenchyma Sclerenchyma Collenchyma Cork

Question 45

What are the two types of complex tissues?

Answer 45

Xylem and phloem

Question 46

What is a collection of cells called?

Answer 46

Tissues

Question 47

What are a collection of tissues called?

Answer 47

Organs

Question 48

What is suberin and what does it do?

Answer 48

Located in cork cells' cell wall. Helps prevent water loss and helps prevent damage.