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Botany and Soils > Lecture 3: Tissues (I) > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Tissues (I) Flashcards

1
Q

What is plant tissue?

A

Collection of cells of similar structure that together serve a certain function.

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

If you bunch together a collection of tissues, it becomes an organ

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3
Q

What is a meristematic tissue?

A

Cell division and undifferentiated cells (like stem cells) grow

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4
Q

What is permanent tissue?

A

No cell division/growth but the cells are differentiated.

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5
Q

What is indeterminate growth?

A

Flower clusters appear in leaf axils where the shoot elongates until the plant dies.

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6
Q

What is determinate growth?

A

Shoot elongates for a certain period of time until the flower clusters appear at the tip and the plant does not grow anymore, then the plant eventually dies.

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7
Q

What is primary growth?

A

The lengthening of stems, branches and roots caused by the apical meristem.

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8
Q

Where is the apical meristem located?

A

Located at the tips of stems, branches and roots.

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9
Q

What does the apical meristem do?

A

Responsible for primary growth.

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10
Q

Where is the intercalary meristem located?

A

Near leaf base of monocots.

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11
Q

What is an example of an intercalary meristem?

A

Grass.

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12
Q

What does the intercalary meristem do?

A

Allows the stem to elongate.

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13
Q

What is the secondary growth?

A

Increase in thickness of stem and roots caused by lateral meristems.

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14
Q

What is the lateral meristem?

A

Cylinder-shaped meristems located in the stems or roots of some plants.

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15
Q

What does the vascular cambium do?

A

Produces cells on the inside of a stem that make up the secondary xylem (such as wood).

Responsible for secondary growth.

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16
Q

Where is the primary phloem located?

A

Outer side of the vascular cambium.

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17
Q

Where is the primary xylem located?

A

Inner side of vascular cambium.

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18
Q

What does cork cambium do?

A

It produces cork; which is the outermost layer of bark.

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19
Q

What are simple tissues?

A

Consist of only one type of cell.

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20
Q

What are complex tissues?

A

Consist of different types of cells.

21
Q

What are the 5 simple tissues?

A

Epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, and cork.

22
Q

What are the two complex tissues?

A

Xylem and phloem.

23
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

A single layer of cells on the outside that protects the plant organs.

24
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

A waxy material lying on the surface that reduces water loss.

25
Q

What is the parenchyma?

A

Composed of thin walled cells in all plants that help with storage, wound healing and photosynthesis.

26
Q

What is the sclerenchyma?

A

It’s made up of dead cells with thick walls. It is very high in lignin to provide the cell with strength and support. It appears as fibres of sclereids.

27
Q

What is the collenchyma?

A

It is made up of living cells that have unevenly thick walls. It is high in cellulose and provides support to the young parts of the plant (stems/petioles/leaf veins).

28
Q

Where is cork found?

A

In bark.

29
Q

What is cork?

A

Mature cells are dead with cell walls containing suberin which repels water. It prevents water loss and damage.

30
Q

What does the xylem do?

A

Transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

31
Q

What are xylem cells made of?

A

Vessel elements (which are short and thick) and tracheids (long and narrow).

32
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

Transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plants.

33
Q

What is phloem made of?

A

Companion cells, and food conducting cells (long and narrow).

34
Q

What do food conducting cells do?

A

The food conducting cells connect to form sieve tubes and porous sieve plates found at the ends of the cells.

35
Q

What do the companion cells do?

A

They accompany food conducting cells and support the food conducting cells.

36
Q

What are the two types of tissues?

A

Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues

37
Q

What are the two types of growth in meristematic tissues?

A

Primary and secondary growth.

38
Q

What are the two meristems that increase the length of a plant?

A

Apical meristem and intercalary meristem.

39
Q

What meristem increases the thickness of a stem?

A

Lateral meristems

40
Q

What are the two meristems that cause lateral growth?

A

Vascular cambium and cork cambium

41
Q

What does vascular cambium produce?

A

Primary phloem and primary xylem

42
Q

What does cork cambium produce?

A

Outermost layer of bark

43
Q

What are the two types of permanent tissue?

A

Simple and complex tissue

44
Q

What are the 5 simple tissues?

A

Epidermis
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Cork

45
Q

What are the two types of complex tissues?

A

Xylem and phloem

46
Q

What is a collection of cells called?

A

Tissues

47
Q

What are a collection of tissues called?

A

Organs

48
Q

What is suberin and what does it do?

A

Located in cork cells’ cell wall. Helps prevent water loss and helps prevent damage.

Botany and Soils (6 decks)

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