Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
A modified stem or leaf that is used to climb a support structure is known as a ________.
A
Tendril
2
Q
What is the name of the root type that has several thin roots branching out in many directions?
A
Fibrous roots
3
Q
What is the name of the highly compressed underground stem with food storage leaves?
A
Bulb
4
Q
What is the name of the region found in the center of some stems and made up of loosely packed, thin walled cells?
A
Pith
5
Q
What is the purpose of roots hairs?
A
Allow the plant to absorb more water and nutrients
6
Q
Softwoods tend to…
A. Have high density wood
B. Be conifers
C. Grow slowly
D. Be deciduous
E. None of the above
A
B. Be conifers
7
Q
What leaf arrangement do pine trees typically have?
A
Fascicled
8
Q
A __________ completes its life cycle in two growing seasons with flowering and seed production taking place in the second season,
A
Biennial
9
Q
In __________, a hormone produced in the apical bud prevents the growth of axillary buds.
A
Apical dominance
10
Q
The ________ is the mark found on the stem after the leaf has fallen.
A
Leaf scar
11
Q
__________ is a word that describes plants that lose all its leaves in the fall or winter.
A
Deciduous
12
Q
A plant that does not produce wood is known as a ______.
A
Herb
13
Q
Draw a leaf that has pinnate venation.
A
Draw on paper.
14
Q
Draw a leaf structure and include the petiole, internode, and blade.
A
Draw on paper
15
Q
Draw a pinnately compound leaf.
A
Draw on paper
16
Q
Draw a palmately compound leaf.
A
Draw on paper
17
Q
What is the difference between a thorn and a prickle?
A
Prickle: Easily removed growth from the epidermis
Thorn: Modified growth that is a stem that is not easily removed
18
Q
Give three differences between monocots and dicots.
A
Monocot:
- Petals in 3
- Single cotyledon
- Vascular bundle in a ring
Dicot:
- Petals in 4 or 5
- Two cotyledons
- Vascular bundle scattered
19
Q
What are two functions of the root system.
A
Provides food storage
Assists with dispersal of water and nutrients
20
Q
Give two differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
A
Angiosperm:
- Seeds enclosed in fruit
- Usually deciduous
Gymnosperms:
- Naked seed
- Usually evergreen
21
Q
Define botany.
A
The study of plants and how they interact in the world
22
Q
The “trap” in the Venus fly trap is a modified _____.
A
Leaf
23
Q
Draw a lanceolate leaf.
A
Draw on paper.
24
Q
What is the name of the organelle that produces energy?
A
Mitochondrion
25
What is the name of the meristem found in monocots near leaf bases.
Intercalary meristem
26
What is the name of the tissue that consists of dead cells with thick walls, and provides strength and support for the plant?
Sclerenchyma
27
What are the two cells that make up xylem tissue?
Tracheids and vessel elements
28
What is the name of the system that consists of elongated parenchyma cells that are closely packed and conduct photosynthesis.
Palisade mesophyll
29
Sketch a cross section of a herbaceous dicot stem.
Include the bundle cap, cortex, vascular cambium, phloem, epidermis, pith, and xylem.
Draw on paper
30
The _______ is the part of the root where the cells become specialized.
Zone of maturation
31
The two types of permanent tissues are _______ and _______.
Simple tissue and complex tissue
32
The ______ is the waxy barrier found on the endodermis that forces water to pass through the cells of the endodermis instead of between them.
Casparian strip
33
The _______ is a simple tissue of cells on the outside that protects the plant.
Epidermis
34
Meristems that produce _________ growth increase the length of the plant or plant part.
Primary
35
Draw the cell and label the primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, nucleus, cell/plasma membrane, chloroplast, vacuole.
Draw on paper
36
What is the function of the pericycle?
Lateral meristem responsible for producing lateral roots
37
What tissues does the vascular cambium produce?
Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
38
What is the function of the phloem?
Transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant
39
List the components that make up bark.
Phloem, cortex, cork cambium, cork
40
Define plant tissue.
Collection of cells made of similar structure participating in a similar function.
41
Define ecosystem.
Geographic area with biotic species and abiotic elements such as weather or landscape features.
42
Give two adaptations of plants growing in the tundra.
Grows in clumps
Dark in colour
43
The organelle responsible for conducting photosynthesis is known as the _________.
Chloroplast
44
What pigment is responsible for absorbing light during photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
45
The products of photosynthesis are _______ and ________.
Glucose and oxygen
46
True or false. Capillary action is the main driving force pulling water up the plant.
False.
Transpiration pull is the correct answer.
47
The purpose of transpiration is to help the plant with ___________.
- Absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
- Distributing water throughout the entire plant
- Transport of dissolved minerals from the soil
- Evaporative cooling
48
The productions of respiration are ______ and _____.
Water and carbon dioxide
49
Where do hydrophytic plants with floating leaves have their stomata?
Upper surface of the leaf
50
Hydrophytic plants have adaptations that allow them to live in ________.
Wet habitats
51
Photosynthesise is only possible in the presence of _______.
Light
52
Why are the leaves of conifers needle like?
To transpire less by reducing the surface area
53
What are stomata designed to do?
Aid in photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and evaporative cooling.
54
What are the spines on cactuses considered?
Modified leaves.
55
Compared to stagnant air, a light breeze increases....
A. Rate of transpiration from leaves
B. Rate of evaporation from leaves
C. Speed at which leaves will wilt over time
D. The loss of water from the plant
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
56
What are guard cells responsible for?
Regulating the presence and absence of stomata.
57
Carbon dioxide is the essential raw material (reactant) for which process?
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Reproduction
E. All of the above
C. Photosynthesis
58
What environment are xerophytic plants adapted to living?
Dry habitats
59
True or false. The process of transpiration is the opposite of respiration.
False. Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration.
60
True or false. In order for water to reach the leaves from the roots, evaporating must take place through the stomata.
True.
61
True or false. As humidity increases, so does the rate of transpiration.
False
62
What is a style?
Tube that connects stigma to ovary
63
What is a stigma?
Stick part of pistil that pollen grains stick to.
64
What are sepals?
Outer petals that protect the flower bud
65
What is the anther?
Part of stamen that produces pollen
66
What is the filament?
Long slender tube of the stamen that holds the anther at the top.
67
What is the corolla?
Collection of petals
68
What is the calyx?
Collection of sepals
69
What is the perianth?
Petals and sepals together.
70
What is the ovule?
Immature seeds located inside the ovary
71
What is the name for multiple stamens?
Androecium
72
What is the name for multiple pistils?
Gynoecium
73
What is the pedicel?
Stalk of one flower within an inflorescence.
74
What is the peduncle?
Single stalk bearing one inflorescence.
75
What is the receptacle?
The swollen tip below the peduncle that floral parts connect to.
76
Does shade reduce the rate of transpiration?
Yes
77
Does respiration only occur when there is light?
No
78
Where are the stamens located on wind pollinated plants of monoecious species such as certain grasses?
Above the female flowers which are lower on the stem
79
What is cross pollination?
Anther and stigma are on different plants that are not of the same clone
80
What is an actinomorphic flower?
Radial symmetry
81
What is a zygomorphic flower?
Bilateral symmetry
82
What is a monoecious species?
Has plants with both male and female unisexual flowers on the same plant
83
What is a perfect flower?
Has both stamens and pistils
84
What is an incomplete flower?
Is missing one or more of the following floral parts
- Calyx
- Corolla
- Gynoecium
- Androecium
85
Do grass flowers produce petals, sepals, pigmentation or scent?
No
86
What is a mutualistic relationship between plants and pollinators?
Both plants and animals receive benefits from the relationship
87
What is a complete flower?
Has the calyx, corolla, gynoecium, and androecium
88
What is the zygote?
Fertilized egg in the ovary
89
What is an imperfect flower?
Has either the male or female reproductive but not both at the same time
90
What is the definition of a fruit?
A mature ovary
91
What is self pollination?
The anther and stigma are on different flowers of the same plant
The anther and stigma are on different plants of the same clone
The anther and stigma are on the same flower
92
What is the endocarp?
Layer of tissue surrounding the actual seed
93
Plants that are produced as a result of cross pollination are .....
Not genetically the same as the parent plant and have a different set of genes from the parent plant
94
What is a dioecious species?
Has plants with male flowers only and plants with female flowers only
95
What is parthenocarpy?
Development and production of fruit without fertilization of ovules and without seed
96
What is apomixis?
Development and production of fruit without the fertilization of ovules but with the production of seeds
97
What is the exocarp?
Outside skin of a fruit
98
What is the mesocarp?
Middle of the fruit between the endocarp and exocarp
99
What is the function of the fruit?
Prevent seeds from dehydrating, protect the seeds, and to encourage seed dispersal
100
What is a simple fruit?
Can be fleshy and dry and is formed from one ovary
101
What is a dry indehiscent fruit?
It does not split open when ripened and is usually one or two seeded
102
What is an example of a multiple fruit?
Mulberry, pineapple
103
What is an example of a samara?
Maple key, ash key, elm key
104
What is an example of a drupe?
Plum, peach, mango, olive
105
What is an example of a berry?
Blueberry, avocado, tomato
106
What is an example of a simple fleshy fruit?
Tomato, plum
107
What is an example of a dry dehiscent fruit?
Milkweed, bean
108
What is an example of a simple dry fruit?
Okra, peanut fruit, sunflower fruit
109
What is an example of an aggregate fruit?
Strawberry, blackberry, raspberry
110
What is an example of a hesperidium?
Orange, lemon, lime
111
What is an example of a dry indehiscent fruit?
Sunflower
112
Draw a sketch of a fruit and include the following:
Pericarp (Endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp) and embryo
Draw on paper
113
The breaking off of rock in the form of sheets along the joints is known as?
Unloading
114
The primary shoot in the seed is known as the....
Plumule
115
The small opening in the seed coat through which water enters the seed is called the.....
Micropyle
116
A group of soil aggregates that are clumped together is known as a....
Ped
117
Which of the following is not a type of soil structure?
A. Columnar
B. Chunky
C. Blocky
D. Prismatic
E. Massive
B. Chunky
118
Which soil has a high fertility rating, erodes easily and has low to moderate cohesiveness?
Silty soil
119
What type of soil structure has tall and narrow aggregates with flat tops?
Prismatic
120
What are the spaces found in between soil aggregates called?
Macropores
121
What is the ridge of the seed called?
Raphe
122
What is the first organ to emerge through the seed coat when the seed is germinating?
Radicle
123
What is an advantage of asexual propagation over sexual propagation?
Bypassing the immature phase
124
Sketch a dicot seedling labeling the epicotyl, first true leaves, radicle, cotyledons, and hypocotyl.
Draw on paper
125
The first step of seed germination is the _______ of water by the seed.
Imbibition
126
Along with the cotyledons, the ______ acts as food storage for the embryo.
Endosperm
127
The process of converting rock into soil is called _______.
Weathering
128
A ________ soil structure is desirable with plant growth.
Granular
129
The _______ covers and protects the plumule in monocots as it grows out of the soil.
Coleoptile
130
Producing additional plants by fertilization of ovules and producing seeds is known as _______.
Sexual propagation
131
Define soil texture.
Proportion of sand, silt, and clay within soil
132
Define soil structure.
Arrangement of sand, silt, clay within soil
133
Draw or describe a platy soil structure.
Draw on paper.
Soil structure that is similar to plates with flat plate like cells that lie closely packed on top of each other
134
Give two examples on how organisms contribute to weathering.
Tree planted by humans causing weathering in rocks
Animals build underground home that causes weathering in rock
Animal slips into crack made in earth caused by human planting tree and causing weathering
135
What happens during hypogeal germination?
Cotyledon remains underground
136
Why is it important to have good soil structure to grow plants?
Soil structure needed to support plant's capability to absorb water and nutrients and grow roots to support its life cycle
