Lecture 4: The Dispositional Domain: Traits Flashcards
1
Q
what is unipolar
A
- you have it or you don’t
- like narcissism
2
Q
what is bipolar
A
- one side or the other
- like introvert vs extrovert
3
Q
types
A
- different personality types
- a dynamic scale
4
Q
narcissism
A
- sense if self-independence/uniqueness
- doesn’t take criticism well
- entitle, exploitive, lack of empathy
- correlated with high else-esteem, grandiosity
- uncorrelated with social desirability
- grandiose: high self-esteem, overestimate one’s abilities, dominant, exploitative, exhibitionism
- vulnerable: defensive, insecure, sensitive to criticism, fake high self-esteem
5
Q
Machiavellianism
A
- manipulative use of flattery and deceit, cunning, pragmatic, opportunistic
- correlated with cheating, love faking for sex, cheating
6
Q
psychopathy
A
- highly impulsive, thrill-seeking, low empathy, guiltlessness and fearlessness
7
Q
Proliferation of traits
A
- thousands of personality traits
- how do we organize them
- risk of the jingle jangle fallacy (same terms defined as different things
8
Q
lexical approach
A
- to find the most important terms used to describe individual differences look in the dictionary
- if many language have similar terms it suggests possible universality
- there are ~18000 terms used to describe relatively stable and enduring, psychological qualities of people
9
Q
statistical approach
A
- start with a large pool of trait descriptors and then group them by meaning (semantics) gradually eliminating redundant/similar terms OR
- administer several questionnaire/items to a sample of individuals and see how they correlate
- this is done by factor analysis
10
Q
factor analysis
A
- get participants to rate a series of traits
- find correlation between each trait
- some words that have a fairly strong correlation
- factor analysis groups correlated items
- those items highly correlated have something in common
- how many factors/dimensions emerged from the data largely determined by the structure of the data
- when trait terms are factor analyzed so that each factor is uncorrelated with other factors, five factors emerge regardless of age, gender etc.
11
Q
the big 5
A
- neuroticism vs emotional stability (deal with stress)
- extraversion vs introversion (seeking stimulation and project energy)
- openness to experience vs conventional (open to new things)
- agreeable vs disagreeable (get along with others)
- conscientiousness vs carelessness (responsible and dependable)
12
Q
circumplex
A
- traits close together are similar
- diagonal traits are opposites
- further from origin = stronger and more intense
- comparing a set of coordinates on a circle
- very useful for comparing the big 5 with each other
13
Q
HEXACO model?
A
- honest - humility
- emotionality
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- conscientiousness
- openness to experience
14
Q
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
A
- interview normalcy and psychiatric patients
- minimizes chance of faking
- “cannot say” (people skip questions)
- lie scale (tendency to present favorable image
- infrequency scale (tendency to falsely claim psych problems)
- defensiveness scale (tendency to see oneself in unrealistically positive manner)
15
Q
Hogan personality inventory
A
- based on the five factor model
- applied to organizational context
- traits that have been shown to predicate performance in different types of jobs/occupations
- adjustment
- ambition and sociability
- interpersonal sensitivity
- prudence
- inquisitiveness and learning approach
