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CHEM114 > Lecture 4 Organics > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Organics Flashcards

1
Q

What are amides?

A

Strong smelling functional groups which replace hydrogen with a NH2 group

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2
Q

What is the functional group of an amide?

A

R-NH2

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3
Q

True or False? Amides are similar to alcohols?

A

True

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4
Q

Is ammonia solution and ammonium hydroxide the same thing or different things?

A

The same thing

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5
Q

Are amides weak or strong bases?

A

Weak bases and can act as buffers

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6
Q

How many lone pairs do amides have?

A

One lone pair of electrons and therefore has a trigonal bipryamidal shape

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7
Q

What is a primary amide?

A

When there is 1 carbon bonded to N

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8
Q

What is a SECONDARY amide?

A

When there is 2 carbons bonded to N

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9
Q

What is a TERIARY amide?

A

When there is 3 carbons bonded to N

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10
Q

Amides are similar to what?

A

Carboxylic acids with the hydroxyl group being replaced with the amine group

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11
Q

True or False? The chemistry of amides is similar to that of carboxylic acids

A

True

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12
Q

Are amides less or more acidic than carboxylic acids?

A

Less acidic because the nitrogen is much less able to stabilise the negative charge

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13
Q

Primary amides are formed by what?

A

Reacting a carboxylic acid with ammonia aka condensation reaction

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14
Q

If the attacking group is an amine what is the product?

A

A secondary amide. aka condensation reaction, water is lost

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15
Q

Is the amide bond or ester bond much more easily hydrolisable?

A

Amide bond due to the lower electronegativity of the nitrogen. This has important consequences for the amides in biological systems

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16
Q

Secondary amides and esters are the basic compounds of what?

A

Many commercial polymeric compounds

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17
Q

True or False? Amides hold many polymers together making proteins

A

True

18
Q

What is kevlar?

A

A tough amide polymer that gains its strength from the hydrogen bonds that occur between amide proteins and carbonyl groups

19
Q

What is switterion?

A

a molecule or ion having separate positively and negatively charged groups.

20
Q

What is the n-terminus?

A

The N-terminus is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.

21
Q

What are disulfide bridges?

A

A functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′. The linkage is also called an SS-bond or sometimes a disulfide bridge and is usually derived by the coupling of two thiol groups

22
Q

What are amino acids?

A

The building blocks of proteins

23
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

An R group, An acid group, A hydrogen, and An amino group all surrounding a carbon

24
Q

What gives amino acids their different properties?

A

The different R-groups. This also gives proteins their 3D shape and properties

25
Q

Are amines acidic or basic?

A

basic

26
Q

Are carboxylic acids acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

27
Q

What is the zwitterionic form?

A

Sits in between the extremes of the amino acids. Its charges balance to give a neutral compound that is soluble in water

28
Q

What are peptides?

A

Molecules containing at least one peptide bond (secondary amide between two amino acids)

29
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polypeptides constructed of many amino acids all held together by peptide bonds

30
Q

True or False? Breaking of a peptide bond is very slow in water

A

True

31
Q

True or False? Small peptides are never the basis for medicinal chemicals.

A

False

32
Q

How do we read the sequences of residues of amino acids?

A

From the N-terminus to the C terminus.

LHS to RHS

33
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

34
Q

How are proteins able to catalyse reactions?

A

Because proteins have complex three dimensional structures

35
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Catalyse reactions that allow for life to occur.

36
Q

Are the peptide links in proteins floppy or stiff?

A

Floppy with free rotation about most bonds

37
Q

Interactions in the protein chain cause what?

A

Folding which forms the secondary structure

38
Q

Which interactions cause the secondary structure of proteins?

A

Non-covalent hydrogen bonding interactions give the a-helices and b-sheets in the secondary structure

39
Q

What does the tertiary structure of proteins depend on?

A

How the primary and secondary structures are arranged.

40
Q

What can the tertiary structure interactions be?

A

Hydrogen bonds, ionic, or covalent (disulfides) bonds

41
Q

How is the quarternary structure of proteins formed?

A

Several tertiary protein structures clump together.

42
Q

Where is energy stored in ATP?

A

In the phosphate bond

CHEM114 (16 decks)

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