Lecture 1 organics Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
The study of molecules containing carbon
What sort of molecules contain carbon?
Plastics, drugs, carbohydrates, DNA, wood, proteins ect
True or False, most compounds known are organic compounds
True
Why are organic compounds important to us?
Because we constantly consume carbon and react it with oxygen to survive.
What are natural products?
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature
True or False? Plants consume both CO2 and O2
True
What is the name of this process: 6CO2 + 6H20 > C2H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
Photosynthesis
What is the name of this process: C2H12O6 + 6O2 > ‘E’ +6CO2 + 6H2O
Respiration
What is respiration?
An intercellular process that produces energy
Why are there so many different molecules with carbon atoms?
Because carbon has structural diversity and it can bond to 4 other atoms
Row 17 on the periodic table always exist as what?
Molecules
What are molecules?
A group of atoms bonded together,
A molecule with the suffix -ate with an ion produces what?
A salt
What did William henry perkin acheive?
The synthesis of mauveine
What are isomers?
Structures with the same formula but different ways of being put together.
What i the strongest form of carbon?
A diamond
What is oxidation?
The process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized. aka losing electrons
What is graphite?
The most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Under high pressures and temperatures it converts to diamond.
True or False? The oxidation of carbon is slow therefore needs high temp to start
True
how do carbon atoms tend to bond together?
In covalent bonds following the VSEPR theory
What is the VSEPR theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. A model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.
Determine the shape with 2BP and 0LP
Linear 180
Determine the shape with 3BP and 0LP
Trigonal Planar 120
Determine the shape with 2BP and 1LP
Bent 120
Determine the shape with 4BP and 0LP
Tetrahedral 109.5
Determine the shape with 3BP and 1LP
Trigonal pyramidal 107
Determine the shape with 2BP and 2LP
Bent 109.5
Determine the shape with 5BP and 0LP
trigonal bipyramidal
Determine the shape with 2BP and 3LP
Linear
Determine the shape with 6BP and 0LP
Octahedral
Determine the shape with 5BP and 1LP
Square pyramidal
Determine the shape with 4BP and 2LP
Square planar
What are the simplest organic molecules?
Alkanes
What is the formula for alkanes?
CnH(2n+2)
True or False? The carbon atoms of alkanes all have a tetrahedral structure
True
What is the suffix for alkanes?
-ane
What is the structural formula?
Drawing the formula with all the hydrogens extending from the carbons
What is the extended formula?
Drawing the carbons with the hydrogens not showing them extended for example: CH3 CH3
What is the condensed formula?
Also called the emperical formula it is noting the amount of the individual atoms in the molecule: C2H6
What is the line bond drawring?
Drawing lines were the bends and ends are carbons
What is the name for a 1 carbon length chain?
Methane
What is the name for a 2 carbon length chain?
Ethane
What is the name for a 3 carbon length chain?
Propane
What is the name for a 4 carbon length chain?
Butane
What is the name for a 5 carbon length chain?
Pentane
What is the name for a 6 carbon length chain?
Hexane
What is the name for a 7 carbon length chain?
Heptane
What is the name for a 8 carbon length chain?
Octane
What is the name for a 9 carbon length chain?
Nonane
What is the name for a 10 carbon length chain?
Decane
What is the name for a 11 carbon length chain?
Undecane
What is the name for a 12 carbon length chain?
Dodecane
What are alkenes?
When each carbon still bonds to four atoms but now two of the same are the same in a double bond
True or False? Always # from the end that gives the smallest #
True
What are alkynes?
When a carbon atom is bonded to the same atom three times the compound. Triple bond
What is the shape for an alkane?
Tetrahedral
What is the shape for an Alkene?
Trigonal Planar
What is the shape for an Alkyne?
Linear
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen
