Lecture 3 organics

Question 1

What is the functional group for an alcohol?

Answer 1

R-OH

Question 2

What is the functional group for an ether?

Answer 2

R - O - R

Question 3

What is the functional group for a carbonyl?

Answer 3

R - C = O

Question 4

What is the functional group for an aldehyde?

Answer 4

R = O - H

Question 5

What is the functional group for a keytone?

Answer 5

R - C = O - H

Question 6

What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 6

R - C = O - OH

Question 7

What are esters?

Answer 7

Strong smelling compounds that often have fruity aromas, found in perfumes. Also present in biological systems and materials

Question 8

Acid + Base gives what?

Answer 8

Salt + Water

Question 9

What are neutralisation reactions

Answer 9

a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.

Question 10

Acid + an alcohol gives what?

Answer 10

An ester. This is a condensation reaction which involves the loss of water

Question 11

What is the general formula of an ester?

Answer 11

R - C=O - O - R1

Question 12

What is a COX-2 Inhibitor?

Answer 12

DescriptionCOX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

Question 13

What is NSAID?

Answer 13

DescriptionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are members of a drug class that reduces pain, decreases fever, prevents blood clots, and in higher doses, decreases inflammation.

Question 14

On the carbonyl group which are has the partial negative charge?

Answer 14

The oxygen

Question 15

On the carbonyl group which end has the partial positive charge?

Answer 15

The carbon

Question 16

Esters can react with water to form what?

Answer 16

An acid and an alcohol. Hydrolysis reaction

Question 17

What are lipids?

Answer 17

Small bio molecules that are insoluble in water. They are isolated from organisms by extraction with organic solvents. They form the major non protein component of the cell membranes

Question 18

What do intermolecular forces determine?

Answer 18

Whether a chemical solute will dissolve in a particular liquid solvent

Question 19

What is a generalised quote for solubility?

Answer 19

Like dissolves like

Question 20

When polar species dissolve in polar liquids what happens?

Answer 20

They interact with the dipoles of the solvent

Question 21

Non-polar things tend to dissolve in what?

Answer 21

Non-polar liquids

Question 22

Non-polar molecules have or don’t have permanent dipoles for polar molecules to interact with?

Answer 22

Do have

Question 23

True or False, polar organic molecules are hydrophobic water hating and don’t interact with water

Answer 23

False they are hydrophilic water loving and like to interact with water

Question 24

True or False? Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic water hating and avoid contact

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are lipids classified by?

Answer 25

A property rather than related chemical structures

Question 26

What does the combination of a polar head group and a non-polar long chain allow?

Answer 26

The formation of complex structures that can differentiate the outside form inside

Question 27

What are the most common lipids

Answer 27

Fats and vege oils

Question 28

Animal fats are usually what at room temperature?

Answer 28

Solid

Question 29

Vegetable oils are usually what at room temperature?

Answer 29

Liquid

Question 30

What are triglycerides?

Answer 30

Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn't need to use right away into triglycerides. The triglycerides are stored in your fat cells. Later, hormones release triglycerides for energy between meals.

Question 31

Lipids are mostly what?

Answer 31

Long carbon chains with little other functionality

Question 32

How is an ester linkage formed?

Answer 32

By an alcohol and an acid

Question 33

The ester bond can be ? with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide.

Answer 33

Hydrolysed

Question 34

What are saturated fats?

Answer 34

Saturated with Hydrogen. A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds.

Question 35

What are un-saturated fats?

Answer 35

Not saturated with hydrogen. An un-saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have double bonds.

Question 36

What are monounsaturated fats?

Answer 36

Triacylglycerols with three fatty acids each having a long chain with only one double bond

Question 37

What are polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 37

Triacylglycerols with three fatty acids each having a long chain with two or more double bonds

Question 38

Do fats contain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?

Answer 38

Saturated as their zigzag shape means it packs closely together so the fats can be solids

Question 39

Do oils contain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?

Answer 39

Unsaturated because the double bonds in their acid chains cause kinks in the chain which means they cant be held closely together and they are liquids

Question 40

How are soaps made?

Answer 40

Hydrolysis of animal fats. Saponification

Question 41

What is the structure of soap?

Answer 41

Hydrophillic head and a hydrophobic tail