Lecture 3 organics Flashcards
What is the functional group for an alcohol?
R-OH
What is the functional group for an ether?
R - O - R
What is the functional group for a carbonyl?
R - C = O
What is the functional group for an aldehyde?
R = O - H
What is the functional group for a keytone?
R - C = O - H
What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid?
R - C = O - OH
What are esters?
Strong smelling compounds that often have fruity aromas, found in perfumes. Also present in biological systems and materials
Acid + Base gives what?
Salt + Water
What are neutralisation reactions
a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.
Acid + an alcohol gives what?
An ester. This is a condensation reaction which involves the loss of water
What is the general formula of an ester?
R - C=O - O - R1
What is a COX-2 Inhibitor?
DescriptionCOX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.
What is NSAID?
DescriptionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are members of a drug class that reduces pain, decreases fever, prevents blood clots, and in higher doses, decreases inflammation.
On the carbonyl group which are has the partial negative charge?
The oxygen
On the carbonyl group which end has the partial positive charge?
The carbon
Esters can react with water to form what?
An acid and an alcohol. Hydrolysis reaction
What are lipids?
Small bio molecules that are insoluble in water. They are isolated from organisms by extraction with organic solvents. They form the major non protein component of the cell membranes
What do intermolecular forces determine?
Whether a chemical solute will dissolve in a particular liquid solvent
What is a generalised quote for solubility?
Like dissolves like
When polar species dissolve in polar liquids what happens?
They interact with the dipoles of the solvent
Non-polar things tend to dissolve in what?
Non-polar liquids
Non-polar molecules have or don’t have permanent dipoles for polar molecules to interact with?
Do have
True or False, polar organic molecules are hydrophobic water hating and don’t interact with water
False they are hydrophilic water loving and like to interact with water
True or False? Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic water hating and avoid contact
True
What are lipids classified by?
A property rather than related chemical structures
What does the combination of a polar head group and a non-polar long chain allow?
The formation of complex structures that can differentiate the outside form inside
What are the most common lipids
Fats and vege oils
Animal fats are usually what at room temperature?
Solid
Vegetable oils are usually what at room temperature?
Liquid
What are triglycerides?
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn’t need to use right away into triglycerides. The triglycerides are stored in your fat cells. Later, hormones release triglycerides for energy between meals.
Lipids are mostly what?
Long carbon chains with little other functionality
How is an ester linkage formed?
By an alcohol and an acid
The ester bond can be ? with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide.
Hydrolysed
What are saturated fats?
Saturated with Hydrogen. A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds.
What are un-saturated fats?
Not saturated with hydrogen. An un-saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have double bonds.
What are monounsaturated fats?
Triacylglycerols with three fatty acids each having a long chain with only one double bond
What are polyunsaturated fats?
Triacylglycerols with three fatty acids each having a long chain with two or more double bonds
Do fats contain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?
Saturated as their zigzag shape means it packs closely together so the fats can be solids
Do oils contain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated because the double bonds in their acid chains cause kinks in the chain which means they cant be held closely together and they are liquids
How are soaps made?
Hydrolysis of animal fats. Saponification
What is the structure of soap?
Hydrophillic head and a hydrophobic tail
