Lecture 4 (neurotransmitters/stimulants/depressants) Flashcards
cocaine
Psychostimulant
monoamine transporter agonist = blocks reuptake of dopamine
Nicotine
Acetylcholine receptor agonist
alchohol
stimulant and depressant
depressant = CNS depressant, GABA agonist
Two classes of hallucinogens:
Dissociatives
Psychedelics
Dissociatives
class of hallucinogens:
feeling of dissociation from body (ex. anesthetic, ketamine)
Psychedelics
class of hallucinogens:
distorted vision, touch, and thoughts (ex. psylocibin)
what receptor do hallucinogens bind to:
5HD2A receptor
what receptors do cannabinoids bind to?
CB1 and Cb2 receptors
what are drugs that calm an over-aroused nervous system called?
Anxiolytics
*depress the CNS
*GABA agonists
*benzodiazepine, SSRI’s
examples of anxiolytics
SSRI’s and benzodiazepines
what class of receptors do opioids bind to?
metabotropic receptors
what class of receptors do cannabinoids bind to?
metabotropic receptors
types of antidepressants: (4)
1.) SSRI’s = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (agonists, fluoxetine/prozac)
2.) MAOA’s = Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (prevent breakdown of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin)
3.) Tricyclic = prevent reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and seretonin
4.) SNRI’s = less selective than SSRI’s, inhibit reuptake of Serotonin and norepinephrine
drugs that reduce psychotic symptoms are called?
Antipsychotics
First generation antipsychotics:
*Dopamine D2 antagonists
*reduce paranoia
*side effects (libido, tremors/motor function)
second generation antipsychotics:
*broad spectrum action
*antagonist to more than just D2 receptors
*affects many receptors to try and control for side effects and symptoms
Gutamate
primary excitatory neurotransmitter
*found in the brain
*3 ionotropic receptors
*8 metabotropic receptors
GABA
Primary inhibitory NT
*found in brain
*1 ionotropic receptor (GABA a)
*1 metabotropic receptor (GABA b)
Acetylcholine
*involved in memory, alertness, and signal amplification
- throughout the PNS and CNS
*Ionotropic receptors “nicotinic” = nicotine…
*Metabotropic receptors = “muscarinic”
Seretonin (5HT)
*mood, aggression, memory and cognition
*Distributed throughout the CNS (sources Raphe nuclei)
*Ionotropic receptors (1 = 5HT3 nausea)
- Metabotropic (around 12-13?)
Norepinephrine
*arousal, memory, attention, cognition
*coordinates with the autonomic nervous system
- CNS sources: locus coeruleus, lateral tegmental area
- metabotropic receptors (alpha 1-2, beta 1-3).
Dopamine
*motor regulation, reward/seeking system, memory, general cognition
*CNS sources: substania nigra, ventral tegmemtal area, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
*metabortopic (D1-5)
