Lecture 4 (neurotransmitters/stimulants/depressants)

Question 1

cocaine

Answer 1

Psychostimulant

monoamine transporter agonist = blocks reuptake of dopamine

Question 2

Nicotine

Answer 2

Acetylcholine receptor agonist

Question 3

alchohol

Answer 3

stimulant and depressant
depressant = CNS depressant, GABA agonist

Question 4

Two classes of hallucinogens:

Answer 4

Dissociatives

Psychedelics

Question 5

Dissociatives

Answer 5

class of hallucinogens:
feeling of dissociation from body (ex. anesthetic, ketamine)

Question 6

Psychedelics

Answer 6

class of hallucinogens:
distorted vision, touch, and thoughts (ex. psylocibin)

Question 7

what receptor do hallucinogens bind to:

Answer 7

5HD2A receptor

Question 8

what receptors do cannabinoids bind to?

Answer 8

CB1 and Cb2 receptors

Question 9

what are drugs that calm an over-aroused nervous system called?

Answer 9

Anxiolytics
*depress the CNS
*GABA agonists
*benzodiazepine, SSRI’s

Question 10

examples of anxiolytics

Answer 10

SSRI’s and benzodiazepines

Question 11

what class of receptors do opioids bind to?

Answer 11

metabotropic receptors

Question 12

what class of receptors do cannabinoids bind to?

Answer 12

metabotropic receptors

Question 13

types of antidepressants: (4)

Answer 13

1.) SSRI’s = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (agonists, fluoxetine/prozac)

2.) MAOA’s = Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (prevent breakdown of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin)

3.) Tricyclic = prevent reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and seretonin

4.) SNRI’s = less selective than SSRI’s, inhibit reuptake of Serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 14

drugs that reduce psychotic symptoms are called?

Answer 14

Antipsychotics

Question 15

First generation antipsychotics:

Answer 15

*Dopamine D2 antagonists

*reduce paranoia

*side effects (libido, tremors/motor function)

Question 16

second generation antipsychotics:

Answer 16

*broad spectrum action

*antagonist to more than just D2 receptors

*affects many receptors to try and control for side effects and symptoms

Question 17

Gutamate

Answer 17

primary excitatory neurotransmitter

*found in the brain

*3 ionotropic receptors

*8 metabotropic receptors

Question 18

GABA

Answer 18

Primary inhibitory NT

*found in brain

*1 ionotropic receptor (GABA a)

*1 metabotropic receptor (GABA b)

Question 19

Acetylcholine

Answer 19

*involved in memory, alertness, and signal amplification

• throughout the PNS and CNS

*Ionotropic receptors “nicotinic” = nicotine…

*Metabotropic receptors = “muscarinic”

Question 20

Seretonin (5HT)

Answer 20

*mood, aggression, memory and cognition

*Distributed throughout the CNS (sources Raphe nuclei)

*Ionotropic receptors (1 = 5HT3 nausea)

• Metabotropic (around 12-13?)

Question 21

Norepinephrine

Answer 21

*arousal, memory, attention, cognition

*coordinates with the autonomic nervous system

• CNS sources: locus coeruleus, lateral tegmental area
• metabotropic receptors (alpha 1-2, beta 1-3).

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

*motor regulation, reward/seeking system, memory, general cognition

*CNS sources: substania nigra, ventral tegmemtal area, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

*metabortopic (D1-5)