CRIM104 Exam Flashcards
types of sentencing reports (2)
PSR (pre-sentencing report) + gladue report
most deviant behaviour is a result of insufficient social control (who?)
Nye
Nye believes…?
deviant behaviour is the result of insufficient social control via direct and indirect means
social bonding theory (who?)
Hirshii
A lack of social bonds contributes to offending behaviour…(who?)
Hirshi
Hirshi’s bond consists of four elements:
Attachment (emotional commitment to peers/figure)
Commitment (conformity)
Involvement (how much time)
Belief (level of agreement)
Power control theory (who?)
Hagan, Gillis., and Simpson
parental positions and patriarchal attitudes result in different control placed on boys and girls
power control theory
self-control theory (who?)
Gottfredson and Hirshi
Crime is the result of low self-control
Gottfredson and Hirshi
Individuals go through stages that give them bonding opportunities (who?)
Sampson and Laub
Elements of self-control: (6)
1.) immediate gratification
2.) little or no long term benefits
3.) requires little skill
4.) may cause pain to victim
5.) exciting, risky
6.) easy and simple gratification
Sampson and Laub
Life course theory
when does crime peak?
15-17 years old
what is the ted talk we watched about social control
- how gang life is not very different from the normal world
- involves social bonding that allows them to commit and execute crime
- as such, if we understand how social bonds are formed in gangs we can better help people transition out of gang life
looking glass self
How do we define ourselves based on social interactions and perceptions *context and group power
symbolic interactionalism
the meaning or value that we attach with objects, people and interactions
what theory does symbolic interactionalism relate to?
labelling theory
Labelling theory (who?)
Tennenbaum
Who did tennenbaum study?
juvenile delinquents
who coined the two types of deviance (primary and secondary?)
Ewdin Lemert
Primary deviance
violate and break rules norms but do not identify as a criminal
Secondary deviance
Self-identify as a criminal, and engage in behaviour to further that label
labelling theories are interactionist? (yes/no)
Yes
Labelling process (4 steps)
1.) deviance
2.) reaction
3.) role engulfment
4.) secondary deviance
what did we talk about class relating to prison tattoos?
upwards 45% get tattooed in prison
high risk of blood born disease
pilot program (to supply clean needles)
public got very angry
SRY –> social return on investment ?
Mathew de Good
declared NCRMD, but was fit to stand trial
undiagnosed with schizophrenia, killed 5 of his friends at a house party
NCRMD dispositions:
Absolute discharge
Conditional discharge
Detainment in facility
High risk designation
Who coined re-integrative shaming?
Braithwaite
who does re-integrative shaming work?
commit crime
are shamed – denounce conduct (not the person)
reintegrate into society
what perspective is marxist and conflict theories?
constructivist or relativist
macro-theories
story about the two men - healthcare…
James Egan story
why is the James Egan story important
challenged the old age security act. legal question was the definition of spouse under the act (and its economic implications). same-sex couples were excluded from spousal benefits
relative to other couples..
Dialectical Materialism
dialectal – the ability to view a situation from multiple positions
Opposing interests and forces within society
Thoughts/views are shaped by conditions/material world around them
How is the status quo maintained?
Karl Marx believes the law is a tool….
to support capitalism
how can the law be used a tool to support capitalism?
CORCAN (skills and manufcatoring labour for incarcerated people – make almost no money)
deny inmates parol and keep prisons at maximum to avoid fines
false consciousness
to what extent are we aware of the level of exploitation of ourselves and others? (how do we lose this false consciousness)
2nd wave feminism
economic and social rights of women
3rd wave feminism
intersectionality of feminine and critical race theory
what is the Merlo Davidson lawsuit?
lawsuit against the RCMP for sexual assault against women
feminist theory about capitalism/labour/wage inequality
Marxist feminism
feminist theory about structural or class based systems
socialist feminism
feminist theory about sexual control, reproduction, oppression
radical feminism
feminist theory about socialized gender roles
Liberal feminism
Women in rural communities – feminist theory – what did we talk about?
women lack supports available in urban areas
don’t have the same financial resources
or the same financial resiliency
don’t leave due to having a pet that needs to be cared for
the social contract…?
socially agreed upon terms (such as the criminal code of Canada)
Documentary about prison
chain gangs
pink clothes
live in tents
very hot
horrible food
what are prisons meant to (punish or reduce recidivism?)
who coined the 7 purposes of criminal sanctions?
Hagan
7 purposes of criminal sanctions:
1.) Incapitation
2.) Specific deterrence
3.) General deterrence
4.) Moral affirmation
5.) Retribution
6.) Restitution
7.) rehabilitation
types of sentencing options:
conditional sentence
probation
absolute discharge
intermittent sentence
Prison
Who coined the pains of inprisonment
Sykes
what are the 5 pains of inprisonment
1.) security
2.) deprivation of liberty
3.) restriction from goods or services
4.) deprivation of relationships
5.) lose of autonomy
most human prison in the world
Holdon prison in Sweden
SRI –> holdon
greater upfront costs, but much lower recidivism only 20%
