Lecture (2) brain structures + spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe

A

executive function (anterior portion of brain)

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2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Body sensations
(between frontal and occipital)

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3
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision (posterior region of the brain)

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4
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing and memory
continue with the parietal lobe
separated from frontal lobe via Silvian fissure

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5
Q

Silvian fissure (lateral sulcus)

A

sulclus = crevice
separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain

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6
Q

central sulcus

A

separates frontal and parietal lobe

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7
Q

corpus callosum

A

axon that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

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8
Q

pre-central gyrus

A

gyrus = fold
primary motor cortex

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9
Q

post-central gyrus

A

gyrus = folds
primary sensory cortex

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A

central regulation of movement + some learning

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11
Q

Medulla

A

conveys major motor and sensory fibres to and from the brain

connects to the spinal cord

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12
Q

Development of brain from birth:

A

1.) neural tube filled with fluid developed into embryo
2.) 3 distinct swellings (forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain) remainder = spinal cord
3.) forebrain splits into: telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
4.) hindbrain = developed into brainstem (medulla, pons, cerebellum)

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13
Q

Limbic system (circuit of emotion)

A

1.) cingulate gyrus (cognitive functions)
2.) thalamus (switch box)
3.) hypothalamus (governs motiavted behaviour, sex/aggression)
4.) hippocampus (memory and learning)
5.) amygdala (emotion and smell due to perception)
6.) olfactory bulb (sense of smell)

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14
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

cognitive functions
limbic system

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15
Q

thalamus

A

switch box for sensory info
limbic system

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

governs motivated behaviour such as sex, aggression, hunger
limbic system

17
Q

hippocampus

A

memory (and learning)
limbic system

18
Q

amygdala

A

emotion (and perception of smell)
limbic system

19
Q

olfactory bulb

A

sense of smell
limbic system

20
Q

pons

A

nerve fibres (motor and sensory nuclei)

21
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter structure (sending and receiving input)

22
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

cognitive functions

23
Q

pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin (sleep and rhythm)

24
Q

superior and inferior colliculi

A

process auditory information

25
Basal ganglia (components):
critical for the control of movement *1.) Caudate Nucleus (movement, learning and memory) *2.) Putamen (learning and motor control, reward system (dopamine)) *3.) Globus Pallidus (movement control --conscious and voluntary movement) 4.) amygdala (emotion/perception of smell) 5.) thalamus (sensory switch box) 6.) substantia nigra (production of dopamine)
26
Caudate Nucleus
movement learning memory basal ganglia
27
putamen
motor control and learning reward system (dopamine) basal ganglia
28
globus pallidus
movement control (voluntary and conscious movement)
29
Causes Parkinson's disease (part of basal ganglia)
substantial nigra (problem with production of dopamine --movement) loss of dopamine producing cells
30
foramen magnum
the hole between the spinal cord and the brain stem
31
Somatic nervous sytem consists of: (nerves)
Cranial nerves (12 pairs) spinal nerves (31 pairs)
32
spinal nerves
1.) cervical nerves (8 pairs) 2.) thoracic nerves (12 pairs) **end of solid part 3.) lumbar nerves (5 pairs) **horse tail 4.) sacral nerves (5 pairs) 5.) coccygeal (I pair)
33
spinal nerves (root system)
ventral nerves (motor neurons that come out the front of the spinal cord) dorsal roots (sensory nerves that come out the back of the spinal cord)
34
Sympathetic system
flight or fight axons exit the middle of the spinal cord innervate major organ systems receive norepinephrine
35
parasympathetic system
rest/relaxation axons exit through the top and bottom of the spinal cord parasympathetic ganglia receive acetylcholine