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PSYC280 > Lecture 1 (history) > Flashcards

Lecture 1 (history) Flashcards

1
Q

“Mind Body Problem”
The two stances are:

A

“Mind Body Problem”
The two stances are:

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2
Q

Dualism (plus models):

A

Mind has some independence from the body:
1.) Interactionism = Descartes, the mind influences the body
2.) Parallelsim = Spinoza, the mind and body agree but exist independently from each other

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3
Q

Interactionism

A

Dualist model: Descartes, the mind influences the body

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4
Q

Parallelism

A

Dualist model: Spinoza, the mind and body are separate, but agree with one another

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5
Q

Monism (plus models):

A

The mind is the same as the brain:
a.) Materialism = The brain is machine and the mind is a function of it (not free will)
b.) Identity position = the mind is brain activity, it exists but is not separate from the conscious brain
c.) Emergent property position = the mind is a new property of the brain that only emerges when the brain functions in a certain way

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6
Q

Materialism

A

Monism: The brain is machine and the mind is a function of it (not free will

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7
Q

Identity position

A

Monism: the mind is brain activity, it exists but is not separate from the conscious brain

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8
Q

Emergent property position

A

Monism: the mind is a new property of the brain that only emerges when the brain functions in a certain way

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9
Q

Ancient Egypt

A

they did not care about the brain. They liked the heart, liver, intestine. No mention of brain in bible.

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10
Q

Ancient Greece (three people)

A

a.) Aristotle (350 BC)
Cardiocentric theory = the brain cools hot blood from heart

b.) Hippocrates (400 BC)
Cerebrocentric theory = brain controls behavior

c.) Galen (200 AD)
Aqueduct model = metaphor for brain behaviour
brain is a vital organ
treated gladiators

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11
Q

Aristotle (350 BC)

A

Cardiocentric theory = the brain cools hot blood from heart

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12
Q

Hippocrates (400 BC)

A

Cerebrocentric theory = brain controls behavior

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13
Q

Galen (200 AD)

A

Aqueduct model = metaphor for brain behaviour
brain is a vital organ
treated gladiators

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14
Q

The renaissance: (two people)

A

1.) Vesalius and da Vinci (1500’s)
detailed anatomy
interest in fluid filled spaces (ventricular system)
dualists (church)

2.) Descartes (1630’s)
hydraulic statuettes = anaology
body consist of a large collection of reflexes (spinal cord and brain are source)
soul is invisible and exerts influence via pineal gland

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15
Q

Vesalius and da Vinci (1500’s

A

detailed anatomy
interest in fluid filled spaces (ventricular system)
dualists (church)

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16
Q

Descartes (1630’s)

A

hydraulic statuettes = anaology
body consist of a large collection of reflexes (spinal cord and brain are source)
soul is invisible and exerts influence via pineal gland

17
Q

Gall and Spurzheim (Phrenology)

A

Localization:
map of brain through lumps and bumps
list of faculties that correlate to surface features
hypertrophy – skull bump

correct about: brain cord protects to spinal cord to muscles
left side of brain controls language

18
Q

Broca’s area/aphasia

A

Localization:
Case of ‘tan’
stroke could only produce single syllable
left anterior part of brain damaged
expressive aphasia

19
Q

Wernicke Areas

A

receptive aphasia = difficulty understanding language
left posterior part of brain damaged

20
Q

Wernicke Areas Importance

A

more than one part of the brain controls functions (such as speech)
Associationist – connectionist models

21
Q

Fritsch and Hitzig

A

Localization: Motor cortex
electrical stimulation of drugs brains to causes movement in limbs

22
Q

Hughlings-Jackson

A

Localization: Motor cortex
seizures in epilepsy patients
electrical discharge spreads across motor cortex of brain

23
Q

Penfield

A

Localization: Motor cortex
Survey on epilepsy
simulation mapping = electrical stimulation during surgery to map around tumours

24
Q

Goltz

A

Anti-localization
Surgical excisions on dogs brains
little major changes in behaviour

25
Q

Head and Goldstein

A

Anti-localization
recovery from brain damage
neuroplasticity (particularly in youth)

26
Q

Lashley

A

Anti-localization
how does the brain change when you learn
search for the engram (learned activity)
trained rats to learn maze
attempted to surgically removed the memory

concluded brain functioned as a whole

lacked precise technology
looked at wrong structures
poor task for memory

PSYC280 (10 decks)

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