Lecture 4: Navigation Flashcards
What does the principle “match between the system and world mean”?
use familiar words, concepts, and phrases to capitalize on what the user already understands, doesn’t require training
What are some navigational influences?
the environment: layout, complexity, size
landmark, route, survey
What are the 3 stages of navigational knowledge?
landmark knowledge
route knowledge
survey knowledge
What is landmark knowledge?
first thing you look for when you’re someplace new (trees, buildings, fountains, etc.)
What is route knowledge?
ego reference, getting around based on self-perspective, start to learn certain routes and have time estimation
What is survey knowledge?
a mental map of the environment in my head, have a world reference, engages when you’re lost, helps understanding of absolute location and relative distance, when you’re lost or navigating an untraveled path
What kind of knowledge do maps mostly facilitate?
survey, sometimes route, aim to represent both in design
What is track up?
user is fixed, map rotates around you
gives correspondence to the real world
What is north up?
user moves inside the map, maps stays fixed
What questions are asked when looking at a map?
Where am I?
Where is my destination?
How do I get there from here? (shortest, fastest, and safest path)
What are three map design principles?
mental map rotation is time consuming and error prone
you are here maps should be track up
maps for planning are best in a north up format
What is the filled distance effect?
our estimation of the distance between two points is influenced by the time to scan between them on a map
What is rectilinear normalization?
people tend to mentally reconstruct maps with more right angles than actually exist
better at judging NSEW than in between angles and better at NS than EW
Are route lists verbal or spatial?
verbal
Are maps verbal or spatial?
spatial
