Lecture 2a Flashcards
Outrage of the week: What was the problem with the train ticketing booth?
Clutter, steps aren’t grouped together in logical order, poor design for a stressful environment
What is feedback?
confirmation of a systems actions, letting users know that the input has been accepted and/or completed
Examples of feedback:
pop-ups, beeps, confirmation messages
Why is feedback important?
it promotes user’s confidence in managing the application
What should feedback use?
positive language to provide a learning experience for the user
What is dynamic input?
shows example of change while changing settings or going through steps, keeps the user in tune with the process and takes guessing out of the expectations
What is selective attention? In terms of a flashlight?
selecting different parts of the external/internal environment; the area that a flashlight is pointing at, or lighting up
What is focused attention? In terms of a flashlight?
selecting one source of information to pay attention to while ignoring others; the width of the flashlight beam (how much are you taking in at once)
What is divided attention? In terms of a flashlight? Synonym?
ability to capture 2 or more channels of information; the width of the flashlight beam (wide angle); also called parallel processing
What is sustained attention? In terms of a flashlight?
period of time where attention is uninterrupted; battery of flashlight
What is multitasking?
divided attention between tasks
How do we measure visual attention?
study eye fixations and movements, in terms of location, UFOV, dwell time, transition probability/sequence
What is the main goal as a designer in terms of attention?
manipulate and direct user’s attention, don’t let user choose where to attend
What is under sampling?
hiding information in menus, forcing users to discover it…a bad design, need to push info to people
What makes target search for efficient?
conspicuous features like large, bright, colorful, changing (dynamic) items; attracted to abrupt onsets like pop-ups and unique stimuli (pop-out effects)
Where do we start searches and where do we stay away from?
Start in the upper left and stay away from edges
What has little effect on search time/performance?
spatial proximity
What is a parallel search?
1 level target along 1 salient dimension gives pop out, like a highlighted word
What is the goal of menu design?
allow target item to be found in minimum time
What kind of options should be in a menu?
Mutually exclusive options with appropriate grouping
Why and how should attention be directed?
important when all info is not present at any one time; use salient coding and pop out effects with implicit methods (attention cues can be over trusted and lose attention over time, if too explicit)
What is pre-attentive processing?
bottom up, global, features in the world like affordances, pop out effects, gestalt principles; info influences us before we realize we’re influenced by it
What is focused processing?
top down, local, cognition, context and our brain gives information purpose/meaning consciously; like mappings and rules
What types of features should a design start with and why?
bottom up features since they’re pre attentive; user immediately abstracts meaning from symbols with will drive focused attention and cognitive understanding
