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Bio II > Lecture 4- Fungi > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

What shared derived trait(s) do all fungi share?

A

Absorptive heterotrophs, multicellular, chitinous cell wall (unique to fungi)

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2
Q

True or False: All fungi are multicellular

A

False; fungi can be single cell (yeasts) or multicellular

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3
Q

What is the basal fungal group?

A

Chytrids

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4
Q

A(n) _____ is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus

A

Hyphae

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5
Q

______ is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei

A

Karyogamy

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6
Q

True or False: A fruiting body refers to the entire body of a multicellular fungi

A

False; the term that refers to the entire body of a multicellular fungi is mycelium

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7
Q

What is the primary component of cell walls in fungi?

A

Chitin

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8
Q

What shared derived trait(s) do glomeromycetes share?

A

Mycorrhizae (symbiotic relationship with plants)

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9
Q

A(n) _____ is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus

A

Mycorrhizae

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10
Q

Specialized hyphae that penetrate plant tissue- can be parasitic or mutualistic

A

Haustoria

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11
Q

What type of enzyme do fungi secrete for digestion?

A

Hydrolases (hydrolytic enzymes)

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12
Q

What shared derived trait(s) do chytrids share?

A

Flagellated spores (zoospores - unique to chytrids)

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13
Q

What are the functions of hyphae?

A

Structure, feeding, predation, mutualistic symbiotic relationships, and reproduction

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14
Q

_____ is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae

A

Mycelium

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15
Q

True or False: Fungi thrive best in a dry environment

A

False; fungi thrive best in a moist, wet environment

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16
Q

____ ____ of fungi produce asexual reproductive spores and are specialized to permit dispersal

A

Aerial hyphae

17
Q

True or False: There are two sexes of fungi, male and female

A

False; fungi have many mating types dependent on the number of alleles (no male/female)

18
Q

A(n) _____ is a mutual symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant

A

Mycorrhizae

19
Q

A(n) ____ ____ is a multicellular structure, like mushroom caps, on which spore-producing structures are born

A

Fruiting body

20
Q

True or False: Spores are always haploid

A

TRUE

21
Q

A(n) _____ is a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei and is the result of plasmogamy

A

heterokaryon

22
Q

True or False: Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually

A

TRUE

23
Q

What are endophytes?

A

Organisms, like fungi, that have mutualistic relationships with plants

Inside leaves or stems, make toxins that deter herbivores

24
Q

What is mycosis?

A

A disease caused by infection with a fungus, such as ringworm or thrush

25
Q

What is the sister group to fungi?

A

Nucleariids

26
Q

Explain the process of fungal mating

A

Hyphae release and detect pheromones
Hyphae extend towards source of pheromones
If different mating types, meet and fuse cytoplasm, but not nuclei
Plasmogamy: Cytoplasmic fusion
Heterokaryon: Fused mycelium with different nuclei- n+n
Growth after plasmogamy-> cells grow and divide, nuclei divide without fusing
Later, karyogamy (nuclear fusion) occurs
-> Diploid zygote
Then meiosis restores haploid condition
Ultimately, spores form

27
Q

Examples of Asexual Reproduction in fungi

A

Spores via mitosis
Cell division/budding

28
Q

Chytrids

A

Terrestrial, freshwater, marine
Unique flagellated spores -> zoospores
Ancestral character state, all other fungal spores lack flagella
Molecular evidence indicates easy divergence- basal taxon

29
Q

Zygomycetes

A

Zygospores
Mostly decomposers in soil
Black bread mold

30
Q

Glomeromycetes

A

Form mycorrhizae
Mutualism present in 80% of plants

31
Q

Ascomycetes

A

Ascospores
Largest number of known species
Very diverse- uni- and multicellular

Examples:
- Penicillium
- Morels and truffles
- Baker’s/brewer’s yeast
- Components of lichens

32
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

Basidiospores
Many familiar fungi
- Bracket fungi
- Puff balls
- Wheat rust, corn smut
- Edible mushrooms
All sexual

33
Q

Fungus-Animal Mutualisms

A

Helps break down plant material
Found in gut, nest

34
Q

Practical Uses of Fungi

A

Consumption- morels and truffles, blue cheese
Yeasts- ferment sugars into CO2 and alcohol
Research- model organism for eukaryotic genetics
Medical- antibiotic production

Bio II (28 decks)

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