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Bio II > Lecture 18- Nervous System Organisation > Flashcards

Lecture 18- Nervous System Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nervous system organization do Cnidarians have?

A

Nerve net

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2
Q

What type of nervous system organization do Echinoderms have?

A

Nerve ring

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3
Q

What type of nervous system organization do Bilateral have?

A

Brain, most clearly defined central nervous system

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4
Q

What type of nervous system organization do Annelids & Arthropods have?

A

Brain
Ganglia- Sets of neurons, segmentally arranged clusters

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5
Q

What type of nervous system organization do vertebrates have?

A

CNS- Composed of spinal cord and brain
PNS- Composed of ganglia and nerves

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6
Q

Chitin vs. Squid

A

Chitin- slow moving -> simple
Squid- fast moving -> complex

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7
Q

Adult Glial Cells (list)

A

Astrocytes
Ependmyal cells
Microglial cells

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8
Q

What is the function of an astrocyte?

A

Support the blood brain barrier (neurons)

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9
Q

What is the function of a microglial cell?

A

Scavengers, cleanup, cell fragments
“Picking up microplastics”

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10
Q

What is the function of an ependymal cell?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid
It rhymes

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11
Q

What is myelination?

A

The formation of a sheath around nerve fibers, or axons.

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12
Q

Myelination in CNS versus PNS (what does it)

A

CNS- Oligodendrocytes
PNS- Shwann cells

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13
Q

What do the Oligodendrocytes do?

A

They do myelination in the CNS. They are formal, they give the axon a “handshake”. (They have appendages that reach out and grab onto axons to myelinate them)

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14
Q

What do the Schwann cells do?

A

They are in the PNS. They are less formal, give the axon a “hug”. (The whole Shwann cell is wrapped around axon)

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15
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What are the two components of the PNS?

A

Ganglia and nerves, sensory receptors

17
Q

What type of glial cells are in the embryo?

A

Radial glia

18
Q

What is the purpose of radial glia?

A

Form tracks in developing embryo. Newly formed neurons migrate from neural tube along tracks.

19
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

CNS
Central control organ

20
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

CNS
Link between brain, rest of NS. Dorsal, neck/back, within spine
Small central canal with fluid
Gray matter surrounds canal
White matter surrounds gray

21
Q

What are the spinal cord functions?

A

CNS
Transmits impulses to and from the brain
Reflex actions: Rapid, involuntary response to stimulus
Example: Knee-jerk reflex. Quad stretched unexpectedly-> helps to stay upright

22
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Nervous tissue not part of the CNS- transmits to/from CNS- sensory receptors and nerves

23
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

PNS
Detection of stimuli
Visual, auditory, chemical

24
Q

Cranial nerves

A

PNS
Originate in hind part of brain
Innervate face, head

25
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

PNS
Originate in spinal cord
Innervate entire body

26
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory receptors-> CNS. Receptors involved, not effectors

27
Q

Efferent

A

CNS-> effectors
2 components: Motor system and autonomic nervous system

28
Q

Motor System

A

Efferent neurons-> skeletal muscle
Voluntary and reflexes

29
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Efferent neurons-> glands, heart, smooth muscle
Not consciously controlled
3 divisions
Controls digestive, cardiovascular, excretory, endocrine

30
Q

Enteric

A

Digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder

31
Q

Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic- Rest and digest (Bodily functions associated with relaxation and conservation of energy)
Sympathetic- Fight or flight. Prepares body for action in response to stressful situations.

32
Q

Vertebrate Brain

A

Embryonic development
Neural tube (single tube of tissue)
Anterior-> folds over-> brain
Posterior-> becomes spinal cord

33
Q

Pathway of a Signal

A

Stimulus
Sensory Receptor
Afferent neuron
CNS
Efferent neuron
Motor or autonomic
Effector (eg muscle)

34
Q

Cerebrum

A

Most prominent structure of brain
Voluntary movement
Learning, perception, memory, emotion
Divided into right and left hemispheres
Corpus Callosum- Thick band of axons, connect L/R halves

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Back of brain
Movement, balance
Motor skills, coordination
Position of joints, lengths of muscles
Input from ears, eyes
Damage leads to permanent loss of coordination

36
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus- Main input center for sensory info to cerebrum- routes to correct area

Hypothalamus- Regulates pituitary, also hunger/thirst, sex, rage

37
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Midbrain- receives, integrates, routes sensory info
Pons- Respiratory and sleep centers
Medulla- Continuous w/ spinal cord
Basic life functions- Respiration, heartbeat, BP, swallowing, coughing, etc

38
Q

Consciously detected stimuli

A

Somatic senses

Bio II (28 decks)

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