Lecture 4- Cognitive and Dietary Behavior Flashcards
Portion-size effect:
When there are LARGER portions available we consume a larger amount of food
Mindless eating
Warksink (2005)
experiment
Despite consuming 73% more, participants in the ‘self-refilling’ condition did not believe they had consumed more, nor did they perceive themselves as more sated than those eating from normal bowls.
First distraction study
Bellisile & Dalix (2001)
When distracted PPS ate more food
Effects of distraction on development of satiety:
Brunstrom & Mitchell (2006)
Those that were distracted experienced greater desire to eat than control conditions
Memory for recent eating
Susanne Higgs found that:
Being reminded of food intake (recent eating) leads to inhibiting food intake
What happens when we actively attend to a meal?
Can reduce the amount we consume later on in the day
Specific form of memory
Episodic memory plays a role in appetite regulation
What eating patterns are observed in Amnesic patients?
Hyperphagia (overeating) and disregulated eating
Eating without the awareness
They will gladly also consume a second meal… etc
Memory process on appetite regulation
Covert condition:
Absence of info, hunger only reduces a little but
Nowhere near as much as physical eating
Overt condition:
Restores the reduction in hunger seen in normal soup condition
THUS, info on what we are eating can have a profound effect on appetite; MUST be memory as it occurs over a 2hour period
Energy density and memory
When participants told that smoothies contained a larger amount of fruit VS. small amount:
Hunger is sustained over a longer period
Fullness is sustained over a longer period
Brunstrom (2012)
Role of cognition in the role of food intake
Self-reported hunger is governed by the amount of soup seen in the beginning of the experiment
Which means memory for recent eating must be contributing the pps appetite
Thus, episodic memory processes must be affecting food intake (appetite)
Mental Imagery
When asked to imagine 30 M&Ms, sufficient enough to reduce subsequent ad lib food intake
Could represent a simple form of habituation
What did De Castro look at?
Food intake in different contexts
Amount eaten and number of people present
Positive correlation between number of people present and meal size (amount consumed)
What is social facilitation?
influence on eating, and that “the number of people eating with the subject …is the best predictor of how much food an individual will consume”
What governs social facilitation?
Memory and attention (includes distraction) plays an important role (mindless eating may not be credible)
Dietary behavior is heavily governed by our past; our learning about meals
